In recent years, various studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota influences host metabolism. However, these studies were focused primarily on a single or a limited range of host species, thus preventing a full exploration of possible taxonomic and functional adaptations by gut microbiota members as a result of host-microbe coevolution events. In the current study, the microbial taxonomic profiles of 250 fecal samples, corresponding to 77 host species that cover the mammalian branch of the tree of life, were reconstructed by 16S rRNA gene-based sequence analysis. Moreover, shotgun metagenomics was employed to investigate the metabolic potential of the fecal microbiomes of 24 mammals, and subsequent statistical analyses were performed to assess the impact of host diet and corresponding physiology of the digestive system on gut microbiota composition and functionality. Functional data were confirmed and extended through metatranscriptome assessment of gut microbial populations of eight animals, thus providing insights into the transcriptional response of gut microbiota to specific dietary lifestyles. Therefore, the analyses performed in this study support the notion that the metabolic features of the mammalian gut microbiota have adapted to maximize energy extraction from the host’s diet.

中文翻译：

---

通过多组学方法，了解饮食和宿主生理学对哺乳动物肠道微生物组的影响。

近年来，各种研究表明肠道菌群会影响宿主的新陈代谢。然而，这些研究主要集中在单个或有限范围的宿主物种上，因此阻止了由于宿主微生物共同进化事件导致肠道菌群成员对可能的分类学和功能适应的全面探索。在当前的研究中，通过基于16S rRNA基因的序列分析，重建了250个粪便样品的微生物分类谱，对应于覆盖生命树哺乳动物分支的77个宿主物种。此外，shot弹枪宏基因组学被用于研究24种哺乳动物粪便微生物组的代谢潜能，随后进行统计分析，以评估宿主饮食和相应消化系统生理对肠道菌群组成和功能的影响。通过对八只动物的肠道微生物种群进行超转录组评估，确认并扩展了功能数据，从而为深入了解肠道微生物对特定饮食生活方式的转录反应提供了见识。因此，在这项研究中进行的分析支持这样的观点，即哺乳动物肠道菌群的代谢特征已经适应以最大化从宿主饮食中提取能量。因此，可以深入了解肠道菌群对特定饮食生活方式的转录反应。因此，在这项研究中进行的分析支持这样的观点，即哺乳动物肠道菌群的代谢特征已经适应以最大化从宿主饮食中提取能量。因此，可以深入了解肠道菌群对特定饮食生活方式的转录反应。因此，在这项研究中进行的分析支持这样的观点，即哺乳动物肠道菌群的代谢特征已经适应以最大化从宿主饮食中提取能量。