Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important elements of intercellular communication. A plethora of different, occasionally even opposite, physiologic and pathologic effects have been attributed to these vesicles in the last decade. A direct comparison of individual observations is however hampered by the significant differences in the way of elicitation, collection, handling, and storage of the investigated vesicles. In the current work, we carried out a careful comparative study on 3, previously characterized types of EVs produced by neutrophilic granulocytes. We investigated in parallel the modulation of multiple blood‐related cells and functions by medium‐sized vesicles. We show that EVs released from resting neutrophils exert anti‐inflammatory action by reducing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokine release from neutrophils. In contrast, vesicles generated upon encounter of neutrophils with opsonized particles rather promote proinflammatory processes as they increase production of ROS and cytokine secretion from neutrophils and activate endothelial cells. EVs released from apoptosing cells were mainly active in promoting coagulation. We thus propose that EVs are “custom made,” acquiring selective capacities depending on environmental factors prevailing at the time of their biogenesis.

中文翻译：

---

中性粒细胞根据环境条件产生促炎或抗炎细胞外囊泡

细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 是细胞间通讯的重要组成部分。在过去的十年中，大量不同的，有时甚至相反的生理和病理效应都归因于这些囊泡。然而，个体观察的直接比较受到所研究囊泡的诱导、收集、处理和储存方式的显着差异的阻碍。在目前的工作中，我们对由中性粒细胞产生的 3 种先前表征的 EV 类型进行了仔细的比较研究。我们同时研究了中等大小的囊泡对多种血液相关细胞和功能的调节。我们表明，静息中性粒细胞释放的 EV 通过减少活性氧 (ROS) 的产生和中性粒细胞释放的细胞因子发挥抗炎作用。相比之下，中性粒细胞与调理颗粒相遇时产生的囊泡会促进促炎过程，因为它们会增加中性粒细胞产生 ROS 和细胞因子分泌并激活内皮细胞。凋亡细胞释放的 EV 主要在促进凝血方面发挥作用。因此，我们建议电动汽车是“定制的”，根据其生物发生时普遍存在的环境因素获得选择性能力。