Judgment and decision‐making research often examines effects of emotion unrelated (i.e., incidental) to the decision when research questions center on emotion related (i.e., integral) to the decision, with a theory‐based assumption that the two types of emotion have equivalent influence. Experimentally targeting incidental emotion can overcome practical and ethical challenges that preclude manipulating integral emotion, particularly in medical contexts; however, the validity of the assumption that integral and incidental emotions have interchangeable influences on judgments and decisions, such as risk perceptions and behavioral intentions, has not been systematically examined. In a pre‐registered meta‐analysis of eight experiments (n = 5,336), we examined whether incidental fear and anger influenced risk perceptions and intentions similarly to integral fear and anger. To ensure the quality and intensity of the emotional experience remained constant across conditions, we rendered emotion integral or incidental to the threat by varying the type of outcomes assessed (matched or unmatched to the emotion induction). Results provide preliminary evidence that integral and incidental influences can differ. Most notably, incidental anger decreased risk perceptions, whereas integral anger increased them. Moreover, even when the direction of the effect of integral and incidental emotions was similar, the magnitude of the integral effect was larger. These findings suggest that the common practice of manipulating incidental emotions and generalizing findings to integral emotions may not be advisable, and as such, future work is needed to identify the specific features of the incidental and integral emotional experience that contribute to similarities and differences in their influence.

中文翻译：

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整体情感和偶然情感对风险感知和行为意图的差异影响的初步证据：对八项实验的荟萃分析

当研究问题集中于与决策相关的情感（即积分）时，判断和决策研究通常会检查与决策无关（即偶然）的情感的影响，并基于理论假设，即两种情感具有相同的效果。影响。以实验方式针对偶然情感可以克服实际和道德挑战，这些挑战排除了操纵整体情感，特别是在医学环境中；但是，关于整体情感和偶然情感对判断和决策（例如风险感知和行为意图）具有可互换影响的假设的有效性尚未得到系统地检验。在预先注册的八项实验的荟萃分析中（n= 5,336），我们检查了偶然的恐惧和愤怒是否会像整体恐惧和愤怒一样影响风险感知和意图。为确保情感体验的质量和强度在各种情况下保持恒定，我们通过更改评估结果的类型（与情感诱导匹配或不匹配），使情感成为威胁的组成部分或附带发生。结果提供了初步的证据，表明整体影响和附带影响可能会有所不同。最值得注意的是，偶然的愤怒减少了风险感知，而整体的愤怒则增加了风险感知。而且，即使积分情感和附带情感的效果方向相似，积分效果的大小也会更大。