Breast conserving surgery (BCS) offering similar surgical outcomes as mastectomy while retaining breast cosmesis is becoming increasingly popular for the management of early stage breast cancers. However, its association with reoperation rates of 20% to 40% following incomplete tumor removal warrants the need for a fast and accurate intraoperative surgical margin assessment tool that offers cellular, structural and molecular information of the whole specimen surface to a clinically relevant depth. Biophotonic technologies are evolving to qualify as such an intraoperative tool for clinical assessment of breast cancer surgical margins at the microscopic and macroscopic scale. Herein, we review the current research in the application of biophotonic technologies such as photoacoustic imaging, Raman spectroscopy, multimodal multiphoton imaging, diffuse optical imaging and fluorescence imaging using medically approved dyes for breast cancer detection and/or tumor subtype differentiation toward intraoperative assessment of surgical margins in BCS specimens, and possible challenges in their route to clinical translation.

中文翻译：

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生物光子技术评估乳腺肿瘤手术切缘-综述。

保乳手术（BCS）提供与乳房切除术相似的手术效果，同时又保留乳房美容功能，在早期乳腺癌的治疗中越来越受欢迎。但是，其与不完全切除肿瘤后的20％至40％的再手术率相关，因此需要一种快速准确的术中手术切缘评估工具，该工具可提供整个标本表面的细胞，结构和分子信息，直至达到临床相关深度。生物光子技术正在发展，以成为在微观和宏观尺度上对乳腺癌手术切缘进行临床评估的术中工具。在此，我们回顾了当前在生物光子技术应用方面的研究，例如光声成像，拉曼光谱，多峰多光子成像，