The prevalence of aluminium ions (Al3+ ) under acidic soil conditions inhibits primary root elongation and hinders plant growth and productivity. Al3+ alters the membrane potential, displaces critical ions in the apoplast and disrupts intracellular ionic concentrations by targeting membrane-localized solute transporters. Here, we provide an overview of how Al3+ affects the activities of several solute transporters especially in the root. High Al3+ level impairs the functions of potassium (K+ ), calcium (Ca2+ ), magnesium (Mg2+ ), nitrate (NO3 - ) and ammonium (NH4 + ) transporters. We further discuss the role of some key transporters in mediating Al tolerance either by exclusion or sequestration. Anion channels responsible for organic acid efflux modulate the sensitivity to Al3+ . The ALUMINIUM ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER (ALMT) and MULTIDRUG AND TOXIC COMPOUND EXTRUSION (MATE) family of transporters exude malate and citrate, respectively, to the rhizosphere to alleviate Al toxicity by Al exclusion. The ABC transporters, aquaporins and H+ -ATPases perform vacuolar sequestration of Al3+ , leading to aluminium tolerance in plants. Targeting these solute transporters in crop plants can help generating aluminium-tolerant crops in the future. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

---

溶质转运蛋白在铝毒性和耐受性中的作用

酸性土壤条件下铝离子 (Al3+) 的盛行抑制了初生根的伸长并阻碍了植物的生长和生产力。Al3+ 改变膜电位，置换质外体中的关键离子并通过靶向膜定位溶质转运蛋白破坏细胞内离子浓度。在这里，我们概述了 Al3+ 如何影响几种溶质转运蛋白的活动，尤其是在根中。高 Al3+ 水平会损害钾 (K+)、钙 (Ca2+)、镁 (Mg2+)、硝酸盐 (NO3 - ) 和铵 (NH4 + ) 转运蛋白的功能。我们进一步讨论了一些关键转运蛋白在通过排除或隔离介导铝耐受中的作用。负责有机酸流出的阴离子通道调节对 Al3+ 的敏感性。铝活化苹果酸转运蛋白 (ALMT) 和多药和有毒化合物挤出 (MATE) 转运蛋白家族分别向根际释放苹果酸和柠檬酸盐，以通过排除铝来减轻铝毒性。ABC 转运蛋白、水通道蛋白和 H+ -ATPase 对 Al3+ 进行液泡隔离，导致植物对铝的耐受性。在作物植物中靶向这些溶质转运蛋白可以帮助未来产生耐铝作物。本文受版权保护。版权所有。在作物植物中靶向这些溶质转运蛋白可以帮助未来产生耐铝作物。本文受版权保护。版权所有。在作物植物中靶向这些溶质转运蛋白可以帮助未来产生耐铝作物。本文受版权保护。版权所有。