Variation in circulus spacing on scales of wild Atlantic salmon is indicative of changes in body length growth rate. We analyzed scale circulus spacing during the post-smolt growth period for adult one sea-winter salmon (n = 1947) returning to Scotland over the period 1993-2011. Growth pattern of scales was subjectively and visually categorized according to the occurrence and zonal sequence of three inter-circulus spacing criteria ("Slow", "Fast" and "Check" zones). We applied hierarchical time-series cluster analysis to the empirical circulus spacing data, followed by post hoc analysis of significant changes in growth patterns within the identified 20 clusters. Temporal changes in growth pattern frequencies showed significant correlation with sea surface temperature anomalies during the early months of the post-smolt growth season and throughout the Norwegian Sea. Since the turn of millennium, we observed: (i) a marked decrease in the occurrence of continuous Fast growth, and increased frequencies of fish showing (ii) an extended period of initially Slow growth, and (iii) the occurrence of obvious growth Checks, or hiatuses. These changes in post-smolt growth pattern were manifest also in decreases in the mean body length attained by the ocean midwinter, as sea surface temperatures have risen.

中文翻译：

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野生一冬海鲑（Salmo salar L.）幼鱼后生长模式的变化及其与北大西洋东部地表变暖的联系

野生大西洋鲑鱼鳞片上圆环间距的变化表明体长增长率的变化。我们分析了在 1993 年至 2011 年期间返回苏格兰的成年一头海冬鲑鱼（n = 1947）在幼鱼后生长期间的鳞片环间距。根据三个环间间距标准（“慢”、“快”和“检查”带）的出现和带序列，对鳞片的生长模式进行主观和视觉分类。我们将分层时间序列聚类分析应用于经验圆环间距数据，然后对确定的 20 个聚类内生长模式的显着变化进行事后分析。生长模式频率的时间变化与海面温度异常在后生长季节的前几个月和整个挪威海显着相关。千禧年以来，我们观察到：（i）连续快速生长的发生率明显下降，鱼出现频率增加（ii）初始缓慢生长的时间延长，以及（iii）出现明显的生长检查，或中断。随着海面温度的升高，海面温度上升后，海面冬至时平均体长的减少也体现了后海面生长模式的这些变化。 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 鱼的频率增加，显示 (ii) 最初缓慢生长的延长期，以及 (iii) 出现明显的生长检查或中断。随着海面温度的升高，海面温度上升后，海面冬至时平均体长的减少也体现了后海面生长模式的这些变化。 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 鱼的频率增加，显示 (ii) 最初缓慢生长的延长期，以及 (iii) 出现明显的生长检查或中断。随着海面温度的升高，海面温度上升后，海面冬至时平均体长的减少也体现了后海面生长模式的这些变化。 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?