It is still a task to synthesize polyamide‐based membranes with selective layers down to 10–20 nm for high performance desalination. Herein, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were used as one‐dimensional (1D) nanorods and graphene oxides (GO) as two‐dimensional (2D) nanosheets, respectively, to construct nanocomposite interlayers for synthesizing polyamide layers thinner than 15 nm. The 2D nanosheets are homogeneously mixed with the 1D nanorods and effectively reduce the surface roughness of the nanocomposite interlayers with decreasing the mass ratio of CNC/GO. Polyamide layers with a thickness of 10–15 nm have been synthesized at an ultralow monomer concentration of 0.025 wt% on these CNC/GO nanocomposite interlayers. The polyamide‐based membranes exhibit extremely high water permeation (45.9 L/m²·h·bar) without losing their salt rejection ability. The nanofiltration performances of these polyamide‐based membranes are higher than most of the reported nanofiltration membranes in recent years.

中文翻译：

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基于聚酰胺的膜，由纳米复合中间层组成，可实现高效纳滤

合成具有低至10–20 nm选择性层的聚酰胺基膜以实现高性能脱盐仍然是一项任务。在本文中，分别使用纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）作为一维（1D）纳米棒和氧化石墨烯（GO）作为二维（2D）纳米片，以构建纳米复合中间层，以合成厚度小于15 nm的聚酰胺层。将2D纳米片与1D纳米棒均匀混合，并通过降低CNC / GO的质量比有效降低纳米复合中间层的表面粗糙度。在这些CNC / GO纳米复合材料中间层上，以0.025 wt％的超低单体浓度合成了厚度为10–15 nm的聚酰胺层。聚酰胺基膜表现出极高的水渗透性（45.9 L / m ²·h·bar）而不会失去其脱盐能力。近年来，这些聚酰胺基膜的纳滤性能高于大多数已报道的纳滤膜。