The conversion of food industry by‐products to compounds with high added value is nowadays a significant topic, for social, environmental, and economic reasons. In this paper, calcium phosphate‐based materials were obtained from black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo) bones and grey triggerfish (Balistes capriscus) skin, which are two of the most abundant fish by‐products of Madeira Island. Different calcination temperatures between 400 and 1000°C were employed. Materials obtained from calcination of bones of black scabbard fish were composed by homogeneous mixtures of hydroxyapatite (Ca₁₀(PO4)₆(OH)₂, HAp) and β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐Ca₃(PO₄)₂, β‐TCP). Because of the high biocompatibility of HAp and the good resorbability of β‐TCP, these natural biphasic materials could be very relevant in the field of biomaterials, as bone grafts. The ratio between HAp and β‐TCP in the biphasic compound was dependent on the calcination temperature. Differently, the material obtained from skin of grey triggerfish contained HAp as the main phase, together with small amounts of other mineral phases, such as halite and rhenanite, which are known to enhance osteogenesis when used as bone substitutes. In both cases, the increase of calcination temperature led to an increase in the particles size with a consequent decrease in their specific surface area. These results demonstrate that from the fish by‐products of the most consumed fishes in Madeira Island it is possible to obtain bioceramic materials with tunable composition and particle morphology, which could be promising materials for the biomedical field.

中文翻译：

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从灰trigger鱼皮和黑鞘鱼骨中提取和表征羟磷灰石基材料

出于社会，环境和经济原因，如今食品工业副产品向高附加值化合物的转化已成为一个重要课题。在本文中，磷酸钙基材料是从黑sc鱼（Aphanopus carbo）骨头和灰色trigger鱼（Balitestes capriscus）皮肤中获得的，它们是马德拉岛上最丰富的两种鱼类副产品。使用400至1000℃之间的不同煅烧温度。从黑色刀鞘鱼骨的煅烧得到的材料通过羟基磷灰石均匀混合物组成的（CA ₁₀（PO 4）₆（OH）₂，羟基磷灰石）和β磷酸三钙（β-的Ca ₃（PO ₄）₂，β-TCP）。由于HAp的高生物相容性和β-TCP的良好可吸收性，这些天然双相材料在生物材料领域（如骨移植）可能非常重要。双相化合物中HAp和β-TCP之间的比例取决于煅烧温度。不同的是，从灰色引金鱼的皮肤中获得的材料包含HAp作为主要相，以及少量其他矿物质相（如石盐和菱锰矿），已知这些矿物相在用作骨替代品时会增强成骨作用。在两种情况下，煅烧温度的升高导致粒径的增加，因此其比表面积减小。