Pressures of population growth and climate change require the development of resilient higher yielding crops, particularly to drought. A spring wheat diversity panel was developed to combine high‐yield potential with resilience. To assess performance under drought, which in many environments is intermittent and dependent on plant development, 150 lines were grown with drought imposed for 10 days either at jointing or at anthesis stages in Obregon, Mexico. Both drought treatments strongly reduced grain numbers compared with the fully irrigated check. Best performers under drought at jointing had more grain than poor performers, while best performers under drought at anthesis had larger grain than poor performers. Most high‐yielding lines were high yielding in one drought environment only. However, some of the best‐performing lines displayed yield potential and resilience across two environments (28 lines), particularly for yield under well‐watered and drought at jointing, where yield was most related to grain numbers. Strikingly, only three lines were high yielding across all three environments, and interestingly, these lines had high grain numbers. Among parameters measured in leaves and grain, leaf relative water content did not correlate with yield, and proline was negatively correlated with yield; there were small but significant relationships between leaf sugars and yield. This study provides a valuable resource for further crosses and for elucidating genes and mechanisms that may contribute to grain number and grain filling conservation to combine yield potential and drought resilience.

中文翻译：

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春季小麦多样性研究小组结合了单产潜力和抗旱能力

人口增长和气候变化的压力要求发展有弹性的高产作物，特别是干旱。开发了春小麦多样性评估小组，以将高产潜力与适应力相结合。为了评估干旱条件下的表现，干旱在许多环境中都是断断续续的，并且取决于植物的生长，在墨西哥奥布雷贡的拔节期或花期阶段，在干旱期10天种植了150个品系。与完全灌溉的检查相比，两种干旱处理都大大减少了谷物的数量。拔节期干旱表现最佳的小麦籽粒表现较差，而花期干旱期表现最佳的小麦籽粒比劣势小麦更大。大多数高产品系仅在一个干旱环境中高产。然而，一些表现最好的品系在两种环境（28个品系）中表现出单产潜力和恢复力，特别是在丰水条件下的产量和拔节时的干旱，其中产量与籽粒数量最相关。令人惊讶的是，在所有三种环境中只有三条品系高产，而且有趣的是，这些品系的粒数很高。在叶片和谷粒中测得的参数中，叶片相对含水量与产量不相关，脯氨酸与产量负相关。叶糖和产量之间存在很小但很重要的关系。这项研究为进一步杂交，阐明可能有助于籽粒数量和籽粒灌浆保护以结合单产潜力和抗旱性的基因和机制提供了宝贵的资源。