The sustainable mitigation of human–wildlife conflicts has become a major societal and environmental challenge globally. Among these conflicts, large marine predators feeding on fisheries catches, a behaviour termed “depredation,” has emerged concomitantly with the expansion of the world’s fisheries. Depredation poses threats to both the socio‐economic viability of fisheries and species conservation, stressing the need for mitigation. This review synthesizes the extent and socio‐ecological impacts of depredation by sharks and marine mammals across the world, and the various approaches used to minimize it. Depredation was reported in 214 fisheries between 1979 and 2019 (70% post‐2000) and affected fleets from 44 countries, in all sectors (commercial, artisanal and recreational), and in all major fishing techniques (nets, traps and hook‐and‐lines). A total of 68 predator species were involved in depredation (20 odontocetes, 21 pinnipeds and 27 sharks), and most (73%) were subject to either by‐catch and/or retaliatory killing from fishers when interacting with gear. Impacts on fishers were primarily associated with catch losses and gear damage but often lacked assessments. Deterrence was a major mitigation approach but also the least effective. Gear modifications or behavioural adaptation by fishers were more promising. This review highlights the need for improved monitoring, and interdisciplinary and integrated research to quantify the determinants and impacts of depredation in the socio‐ecological dimension. More importantly, as the conflict is likely to escalate, efforts directed towards changing perceptions and integrating knowledge through adaptive co‐management are raised as key directions towards coexistence between fisheries and large marine predators.

中文翻译：

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当大型海洋捕食者以渔业捕捞为食时：掠夺冲突的全球模式和共存方向

人类与野生动物冲突的可持续缓解已成为全球面临的重大社会和环境挑战。在这些冲突中，随着世界渔业的扩张，大型海洋捕食者以渔业捕捞为食，这种行为被称为“掠夺”。掠夺对渔业和物种保护的社会经济可行性构成威胁，强调需要采取缓解措施。本综述综合了世界各地鲨鱼和海洋哺乳动物掠夺的程度和社会生态影响，以及用于将其最小化的各种方法。1979 年至 2019 年间，214 个渔业（2000 年之后的 70%）报告了掠夺事件，来自 44 个国家的所有部门（商业、手工和娱乐）以及所有主要捕捞技术（网、陷阱和钩和行）。共有 68 种捕食者物种参与捕食（20 种齿科动物、21 种鳍足类动物和 27 条鲨鱼），大多数（73%）在与渔具互动时遭到渔民的误捕和/或报复性杀害。对渔民的影响主要与渔获损失和渔具损坏有关，但往往缺乏评估。威慑是一种主要的缓解方法，但也是最不有效的。渔民的渔具改造或行为适应更有希望。本综述强调需要改进监测、跨学科和综合研究，以量化社会生态层面掠夺的决定因素和影响。更重要的是，随着冲突可能升级，