Motivated to find options for prevention or intervention, molecular epidemiology aims to identify the host and microbial factors that determine the transmission, manifestation and progression of infectious disease. The genotyping of cultivatable bacterial strains is performed by either anonymous fingerprinting techniques or sequence‐based exploration of variable genomic sites. Multilocus sequence typing of housekeeping genes and allele profiling of the core genome have become standard techniques of bacterial strain typing that may be supplemented by whole genome sequencing to explore all single nucleotide variants and/or the composition of the accessory genome. Next, novel protocols to investigate host and microbiome based upon smart third generation sequencing technologies are being developed for an effective surveillance, rapid diagnosis and real‐time tracking of infectious diseases.

中文翻译：

---

当前的分子流行病学。

动机是寻找预防或干预措施，分子流行病学旨在确定决定传染病传播，表现和进展的宿主和微生物因素。可培养细菌菌株的基因分型通过匿名指纹技术或基于序列的可变基因组位点探索来进行。管家基因的多基因座序列分型和核心基因组的等位基因分析已成为细菌菌株分型的标准技术，可以通过全基因组测序来补充其探索所有单核苷酸变体和/或辅助基因组的组成。接下来，正在开发基于智能第三代测序技术研究宿主和微生物组的新颖协议，以进行有效监控，