Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are promising materials for analytical applications because of their structural predictability and recognition specificity. However, the applications of conventional MIPs suffer in a practical sense due to several defects (e.g., deeply embedded cavities, incomplete removal of the template, non-uniform distribution of binding sites, and slow rebinding kinetics). Core-shell nanoparticles coated with MIPs can be an attractive alternative to overcome such limitations. The core-shell structure offers a high surface area with a uniform distribution of binding sites to facilitate the removal of the template molecule and subsequent rebinding of the target molecule at high mass transfer efficiency. This work provides a comprehensive review of the classes of core-shell MIPs such as solid single, solid composite, and hollow core forms. The utility of novel and emerging core-shell MIPs is described for applications in optical, electrochemical, and piezoelectric sensors along with the associated challenges and opportunities.

分子印迹聚合物（MIP）具有结构可预测性和识别特异性，是用于分析应用的有前途的材料。然而，由于一些缺陷（例如，深埋的腔，模板的不完全去除，结合位点的不均匀分布以及缓慢的重新结合动力学），常规的MIP的应用在实际意义上受到影响。涂有MIP的核-壳纳米颗粒可能是克服此类限制的有吸引力的替代方法。核-壳结构提供高表面积和结合位点的均匀分布，以促进模板分子的去除以及随后靶分子的高传质效率下的重新结合。这项工作对核壳MIP的类别进行了全面的回顾，例如实心单个，实心复合材料，和空心形式。描述了新颖和新兴的核-壳MIP的实用性及其在光学，电化学和压电传感器中的应用以及相关的挑战和机遇。