Abstract As the sole cyanine dye approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), indocyanine green (ICG) has been widely applied in solid tumor and metastases surgical navigation as well as malignant tissue destruction. The great performance of ICG benefits from excellent fluorescent properties in the near infrared region (NIR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) or hyperthermia effects under irradiation. Nevertheless, some intrinsic limitations, such as unstable optical properties, concentration-dependent aggregation, proneness to photo-bleaching, and poor aqueous stability in vivo, severely restrict its further applications. To overcome these challenges, ICG-based nanodrugs (nano-ICG), as one kind of portfolio strategy, could bridge the efficient cargo-carriers and ICG molecules to artificially improve their existing performance. In this mini-review, we will focus on the developed engineering strategies for nano-ICG formulation synthesis and their desired performance in tumor tracing and eradication. A critical analysis of assembly mechanisms, excellent performance, and further improvement tactics will be examined.

中文翻译：

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基于吲哚菁绿的纳米药物：精准医学的组合策略

摘要 作为美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准的唯一花青染料，吲哚菁绿（ICG）已广泛应用于实体瘤和转移瘤的手术导航以及恶性组织破坏。ICG 的出色性能得益于近红外区域 (NIR) 和活性氧 (ROS) 的出色荧光特性或辐照下的热疗效应。然而，一些固有的局限性，如不稳定的光学性质、浓度依赖性聚集、光漂白倾向和体内水稳定性差，严重限制了其进一步应用。为了克服这些挑战，基于 ICG 的纳米药物 (nano-ICG) 作为一种投资组合策略，可以桥接高效的货物载体和 ICG 分子，以人为地改善其现有性能。在这篇小型综述中，我们将重点关注纳米 ICG 制剂合成的已开发工程策略及其在肿瘤追踪和根除方面的预期性能。将对组装机制、卓越性能和进一步改进策略进行批判性分析。