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Modeling and results of the dry cask simulator (DCS) with STAR-CCM+
Nuclear Engineering and Design ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2020.110820
Julio Benavides , Gonzalo Jiménez , Santiago López , Marta Galbán , Miriam Lloret

Abstract To understand the behavior of commercial nuclear fuel during its storage phase in spent fuel dry storage casks, simulations are necessary and to validate the simulation models, full-scale experiments are required. Therefore, an experimental facility called the dry cask simulator (DCS) was built in Sandia National Laboratories with the purpose of producing validation-quality data that can be used to test the accuracy of the modeling used to determine cladding temperatures in modern vertical dry casks. The DCS has been created under the framework of the Extended Storage Collaboration Programme (ESCP), coordinated by EPRI. The ultimate goal of the DCS was to study the thermal–hydraulic response of a single boiling water reactor (BWR) fuel assembly under variety of heat loads, internal vessel pressures, and external configurations. In this article, the simulations conducted by ENUSA Industrias Avanzadas S.A., S.M.E and UPM (Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain) using STAR-CCM+ are validated against the experiments conducted at Sandia National Laboratories. In order to validate the simulation models several sensitivity analyses have been performed: a grid convergence index to estimate the discretization error in the simulations, a turbulence model sensitivity for the inner part of the cask, and three different approaches to model the fuel assembly: Case 1 (model with no spacers and no bottom tie plate), Case 2 (model with spacers and no bottom tie plate and Case 3 (model with spacers and bottom tie plate). Additionally, a thermal–hydraulic analysis is also presented, not only to explain the difference between the three ways to model the fuel assembly, but also to obtain a better understanding of the behavior of the dry cask according to pressure and heat output changes. Among the three cases, the simplest model (Case 1) has proven to obtain the most accurate results, being able to predict the temperature distribution in the fuel assembly and the air mass flow compared to the experiment measurements for all four cases of study. Meanwhile, the two other cases have shown that for steady state solutions the spacers and the bottom tie plate are not necessary and can introduce unwanted errors. Nonetheless, all cases have provided insight into the behavior of a dry storage cask system under different conditions showing the different heat transfer mechanisms interactions.

中文翻译:

使用 STAR-CCM+ 的干桶模拟器 (DCS) 的建模和结果

摘要 为了了解商业核燃料在乏燃料干式储存容器中储存阶段的行为,模拟是必要的,为了验证模拟模型,需要进行全尺寸实验。因此,在桑迪亚国家实验室建造了一个称为干桶模拟器 (DCS) 的实验设施,目的是生成验证质量数据,这些数据可用于测试用于确定现代垂直干桶包覆温度的建模的准确性。DCS 是在扩展存储协作计划 (ESCP) 的框架下创建的,由 EPRI 协调。DCS 的最终目标是研究单个沸水反应堆 (BWR) 燃料组件在各种热负荷、容器内部压力和外部配置下的热-水力响应。在本文中,ENUSA Industrias Avanzadas SA、SME 和 UPM(西班牙马德里理工大学)使用 STAR-CCM+ 进行的模拟与在桑迪亚国家实验室进行的实验进行了验证。为了验证模拟模型,我们进行了几种敏感性分析:用于估计模拟中离散化误差的网格收敛指数、用于容器内部的湍流模型敏感性以及三种不同的燃料组件建模方法:案例1(无隔板和无底板的模型),案例 2(有隔板和无底板的模型和案例 3(有隔板和底板的模型)。此外,还提供了热工水力分析,不仅解释燃料组件建模的三种方法之间的区别,还可以根据压力和热量输出的变化更好地了解干桶的行为。在这三个案例中,最简单的模型(案例 1)已被证明可以获得最准确的结果,与所有四个研究案例的实验测量值相比,它能够预测燃料组件中的温度分布和空气质量流量。同时,另外两个案例表明,对于稳态解决方案,垫片和底部垫板不是必需的,并且会引入不必要的错误。尽管如此,所有案例都提供了对干式储存桶系统在不同条件下的行为的洞察,显示了不同的传热机制相互作用。最简单的模型(案例 1)已被证明可以获得最准确的结果,与所有四种研究案例的实验测量值相比,能够预测燃料组件中的温度分布和空气质量流量。同时,另外两个案例表明,对于稳态解决方案,垫片和底部垫板不是必需的,并且会引入不必要的错误。尽管如此,所有案例都提供了对不同条件下干式储存桶系统行为的深入了解,显示了不同的传热机制相互作用。最简单的模型(案例 1)已被证明可以获得最准确的结果,与所有四种研究案例的实验测量值相比,能够预测燃料组件中的温度分布和空气质量流量。同时,另外两个案例表明,对于稳态解决方案,垫片和底部垫板不是必需的,并且会引入不必要的错误。尽管如此,所有案例都提供了对干式储存桶系统在不同条件下的行为的洞察,显示了不同的传热机制相互作用。另外两个案例表明,对于稳态解决方案,垫片和底部垫板不是必需的,并且会引入不必要的错误。尽管如此,所有案例都提供了对干式储存桶系统在不同条件下的行为的洞察,显示了不同的传热机制相互作用。另外两个案例表明,对于稳态解决方案,垫片和底部垫板不是必需的,并且会引入不必要的错误。尽管如此,所有案例都提供了对干式储存桶系统在不同条件下的行为的洞察,显示了不同的传热机制相互作用。
更新日期:2020-12-01
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