To assess the current evidence on motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) and their influence on functional variables. We conducted 3 meta-meta-analyses (MMA) to determine the effectiveness of MI and AO on arm functionality, performance on activities of daily living and gait mobility in stroke patients. For arm functionality, MMA revealed a statistically significant large effect size (standardised mean difference [SMD] = 1.05; 95 % CI 0.50–1.60; p<.001) but with evidence of heterogeneity (Q=55.67, p<.001, I2=93 %). For arm performance in activities of daily living, MMA revealed a significantly large effect size (SMD=1.76; 95 % CI 1.10–2.43; p<.001) but also with evidence of heterogeneity (Q=1.62, p=.44, I2=90 %). MMA showed no significant effects favouring intervention regarding gait mobility. The results of the systematic reviews showed that movement representation techniques combined with the usual treatment have a positive impact on improving function, with a very low to moderate quality of evidence for all variables except for range of motion in acute disorders and strength. MI and AO showed positive results for improving functional variables.

评估有关运动图像（MI）和动作观察（AO）的当前证据及其对功能变量的影响。我们进行了3次荟萃分析（MMA），以确定MI和AO对中风患者手臂功能，日常生活活动表现和步态活动能力的有效性。就手臂功能而言，MMA显示出统计学上显着的较大效应值（标准均差[SMD] = 1.05； 95％CI 0.50–1.60； p <.001），但有异质性的证据（Q = 55.67，p <.001，I2 = 93％）。对于手臂在日常生活中的表现，MMA显示出显着大的效应值（SMD = 1.76； 95％CI 1.10–2.43； p <.001），但也有异质性的证据（Q = 1.62，p = .44，I2） = 90％）。MMA没有表现出明显的影响步态活动性的干预效果。系统评价的结果表明，运动代表技术与常规治疗相结合对改善功能有积极影响，除了急性疾病的运动范围和强度外，所有变量的证据质量都非常低至中等。MI和AO显示出改善功能变量的积极结果。