Abstract Hydrates have been identified as potential technologies for applications such as storage and transportation of natural gas and seawater desalination. These industrial applications are usually affected by the induction time and the growth rate of the hydrate. The addition of surfactants to the gas–water system can improve this effect. The formation of natural gas hydrate requires a lot of water, and the use of seawater can save a lot of freshwater resources. However, the presence of NaCl in seawater has an opposite effect on the formation of hydrates. This article focuses on the influence of NaCl and different types of surfactants on the conversion of water to hydrates, gas dissolution, nucleate growth and formation rate of methane hydrate. Measurements of surface tension and the number of particles in complex systems further explained how surfactants and NaCl affect the hydrate formation. The results indicate that low concentration of NaCl (50 mmol/L) and anionic surfactant can significantly increase the water–to–hydrate conversion and hydrate nucleation. It has been pointed out that although NaCl is called thermodynamic inhibitors, low concentrations of NaCl and surfactants can further promote hydrate formation. The novel mechanism insights have been discussed by which different concentrations of NaCl and surfactants affect the hydrate formation kinetics. Most natural gas hydrates are distributed deep in the seabed, and NaCl is the main component of seawater. Understanding the influence of NaCl on hydrates in the complex system can provide a theoretical basis for future hydrate research.

中文翻译：

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氯化钠对表面活性剂存在下甲烷水合物形成动力学的影响

摘要 水合物已被确定为天然气储存和运输和海水淡化等应用的潜在技术。这些工业应用通常受诱导时间和水合物生长速率的影响。在气-水系统中加入表面活性剂可以改善这种效果。天然气水合物的形成需要大量的水，利用海水可以节约大量的淡水资源。然而，海水中 NaCl 的存在对水合物的形成有相反的影响。本文重点研究NaCl和不同类型表面活性剂对水转化为水合物、气体溶解、成核生长和甲烷水合物形成速率的影响。复杂系统中表面张力和颗粒数量的测量进一步解释了表面活性剂和 NaCl 如何影响水合物的形成。结果表明，低浓度的 NaCl (50 mmol/L) 和阴离子表面活性剂可以显着提高水向水合物的转化率和水合物的成核。有人指出，虽然 NaCl 被称为热力学抑制剂，但低浓度的 NaCl 和表面活性剂可以进一步促进水合物的形成。已经讨论了不同浓度的 NaCl 和表面活性剂影响水合物形成动力学的新机制见解。大多数天然气水合物分布在海底深处，NaCl是海水的主要成分。