In recent years, distributed energy systems (DES) have received an extensive attention, but they also face technical limitations in system architecture, operational strategies, and optimization methods. In this paper, for two typical DES, Natural Gas Cooling and Heating Triple Supply System (CCHP) and Hybrid Energy Distributed System (HDES), multi-objective optimization and evaluation have been carried out. In the optimization phase, for the two systems, a multi-objective mathematical programming (MOMP) model was developed to minimize the annual total cost and annual carbon emissions under three different operational strategies (heat load following (FTL), electrical load following (FEL), and load characteristic matching following (FCL)). Further, operational strategies were transformed into operational constraints, and models were solved using the augmented ε-constrain method. In the evaluation stage, the reference cost growth rate (CSR) and the reference CO2 emission reduction rate (CRR) evaluation indices were developed, and subsequently for two DES systems, comprehensive evaluations were conducted by incorporating with the weight distributed TOPSIS multi-objective decision-making method.Moreover, an office building in Nanjing was chosen as the baseline building, and the two DES systems were simulated. The results show that, under different operating strategies, CCHP has the advantage of lower cost, while the HDES has the advantage of the lower CO2 emission. Under the proposed FCL operation strategy, the maximum environmental benefits can be obtained. Compared to the FEL operation strategy, the CO2 emissions of CCHP and HDES have been reduced by approximately 4.2% and 2.9%, respectively. Compared to the FTL operating strategy, the CO2 emissions of CCHP and HDES have been reduced by approximately 15.2% and 13.7%, respectively.

近年来，分布式能源系统（DES）受到了广泛关注，但是它们在系统架构，操作策略和优化方法方面也面临技术限制。本文针对两种典型的DES，即天然气冷热三重供气系统（CCHP）和混合能源分配系统（HDES），进行了多目标优化和评估。在优化阶段，针对这两个系统，开发了一个多目标数学编程（MOMP）模型，以在三种不同的操作策略（热负荷跟随（FTL），电负荷跟随（FEL） ），然后进行负载特性匹配（FCL））。此外，运营策略已转变为运营约束，并使用增强ε约束方法求解模型。在评估阶段，制定了参考成本增长率（CSR）和参考CO2排放减少率（CRR）评估指标，随后针对两个DES系统，通过结合权重分布TOPSIS多目标决策进行了综合评估制作方法。此外，选择南京的一栋办公楼作为基准楼，并对两个DES系统进行了仿真。结果表明，在不同的运行策略下，CCHP具有降低成本的优势，而HDES具有降低CO2排放的优势。在拟议的整箱操作策略下，可以获得最大的环境效益。与FEL运作策略相比，CCHP和HDES的二氧化碳排放量分别减少了约4.2％和2.9％。与FTL操作策略相比，CCHP和HDES的二氧化碳排放量分别减少了约15.2％和13.7％。