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Why do Mistaken Identification Rates Increase When Either Witnessing or Testing Conditions get Worse?
Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition ( IF 4.600 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-18 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.08.002
Andrew M. Smith

I examined why mistaken identifications increase when either witnessing or testing conditions get worse. In Experiment 1 (N = 633), participants watched either a clear or degraded version of a simulated crime. In Experiment 2 (N = 1266), all participants watched the same version of the crime, but were then randomly assigned to either a clear or noise-degraded lineup. After indicating which lineup member best matched their memory for the culprit, participants indicated how well that lineup member matched their memory for the culprit. Degraded conditions led to fewer culprit identifications from present lineups and more mistaken identifications from absent lineups. Degrading witnessing/testing conditions resulted in lower memory ratings for the culprit, but memory ratings for the best-matching innocent person were statistically equivalent under clear and degraded conditions. These results suggest that the reason mistaken identifications increase when witnessing/testing conditions get worse is because witnesses lower their criterion for making an affirmative identification.



中文翻译:

当目击或测试条件变得更糟时,为什么错误识别率会增加?

我检查了当目击或测试条件变得更糟时,为什么错误识别会增加。在实验1中(N = 633),参与者观看了模拟犯罪的清晰版本或降级版本。在实验2(N= 1266),所有参与者都观看了相同版本的犯罪,但随后被随机分配到清晰或降噪的阵容中。在指出哪个阵容成员最匹配他们对罪魁祸首的记忆后,参与者指出了那个阵容成员最匹配他们对罪犯的记忆。恶劣的条件导致从目前的阵容中识别出较少的罪魁祸首,从缺少的阵容中识别出更多错误的唱片。目击/测试条件下降会导致罪魁祸首的记忆力下降,但最匹配的无辜者的记忆力在统计学上是等效的在清晰和退化的条件下。这些结果表明,当证人/测试条件变得更糟时,错误识别的数量增加的原因是因为证人降低了他们做出肯定身份的标准。

更新日期:2020-09-18
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