Foaming caused by filamentous bacteria in activated sludge (AS) is a common phenomenon in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Taihu Lake Basin of South China. In this study, total bacterial and filamentous bacterial communities were comprehensively characterized in AS and foams from eight municipal WWTPs by high-throughput sequencing technology. Results showed that alpha diversities of total bacterial communities in foams were obviously lower than those in AS samples. The bacterial community structures were significantly different between WWTPs rather than sample types (AS vs. foam). For most WWTPs, the Actinobacteria phylum was highly enriched in foams and the most abundant genera in foams were common mycolata. Sixteen filamentous bacteria were identified against the improved bulking and foaming bacteria (BFB) database. Abundance and composition of BFB in different WWTPs and different sample types were significantly different. ‘Nostocoida limicola’ I Trichococcus and Microthrix were generally dominant in AS samples. The dominant BFB in foams were associated with Microthrix, Skermania, Gordonia, and Mycobacterium. A new Defluviicoccus spp. in cluster III was identified in severe and continuous foams. Moreover, dominant BFB in stable and continuous foams with light level in one typical WWTP were diverse, even, and dynamic. Bacterial co-occurrence network analysis implied that the bacterial community of AS was more sensitive to disturbance than that of foam.

活性污泥（AS）中的丝状细菌引起的起泡是华南太湖流域市政污水处理厂（WWTP）中的常见现象。在这项研究中，通过高通量测序技术对来自8个市政污水处理厂的AS和泡沫中的总细菌和丝状细菌群落进行了全面表征。结果表明，泡沫中总细菌群落的α多样性明显低于AS样品。污水处理厂之间的细菌群落结构显着不同，而不是样品类型（AS与泡沫）不同。对于大多数污水处理厂，放线菌门上的泡沫高度丰富，而泡沫中最丰富的属是常见的霉菌。针对改良的膨化和发泡细菌（BFB）数据库，鉴定出16种丝状细菌。不同污水处理厂和不同样品类型中BFB的含量和组成差异显着。“ Nostocoida limicola ”我Trichococcus和微丝一般是作为样品中占主导地位。泡沫中的主要BFB与Microthrix，Skermania，Gordonia和分枝杆菌有关。一个新的去绒球菌spp。在严重和连续的泡沫中发现了第III组中的泡沫。而且，在一种典型的污水处理厂中，稳定和连续的泡沫中具有显着水平的主要BFB是多样的，均匀的和动态的。细菌共生网络分析表明，AS的细菌群落对干扰的敏感性高于泡沫。