Abstract Photovoltaic thermal systems concept is very attractive for two reasons; Firstly, using the coolant fluids decreases the temperature of the photovoltaic modules. Secondly, the heat, gathered from photovoltaic modules, can be employed in a thermal or energy conversion system. Hence, the efficiency of a photovoltaic is enhanced from both sides. In this study, a combination of an organic Rankine cycle with photovoltaic modules is proposed. Despite previous works, which considered such schemes for a limited environmental conditions, dynamic model of heat transfer for varying radiation and temperature throughout a typical year is employed. A detailed model of the heat transfer between the photovoltaic-thermal components is utilized to investigate the combination's thermal behavior. Also, for the first time, the optimum photovoltaic array area is calculated based on the heat transfer between photovoltaic modules and the Rankine cycle working fluid. Considering design conditions, 80 m2 area of photovoltaic arrays are needed to preheat the working fluid before entering the evaporator. The round trip efficiency of the system is equal to 22.62%, using HFO-1234yf as the working fluid. Besides, the effect of changing pressure of evaporator and condenser along with using different coolants is investigated. Four pure refrigerant and two fluid mixture are used to find the effect of working fluid on the performance of the system. The parametric analysis shows that using isobutane results in the highest achievable round trip efficiency (22.81%), among the selected fluids. Cost analysis showed that the levelized cost of electricity is 0.05 $/kW h, which is slightly higher than the electricity price for the same installed capacity of PV without cooling.

中文翻译：

---

考虑组件间传热的光伏热-有机朗肯循环设计与动态仿真

摘要 光伏热力系统的概念非常吸引人，原因有二：首先，使用冷却流体降低光伏模块的温度。其次，从光伏模块收集的热量可用于热或能量转换系统。因此，从两侧提高了光伏的效率。在这项研究中，提出了有机朗肯循环与光伏组件的组合。尽管以前的工作考虑了有限环境条件下的此类方案，但仍采用了典型年份中不同辐射和温度的热传递动态模型。光伏热组件之间的热传递的详细模型用于研究组合的热行为。此外，第一次，最佳光伏阵列面积是根据光伏组件与兰金循环工作流体之间的热传递计算得出的。考虑到设计条件，工作流体进入蒸发器前需要80平方米面积的光伏阵列进行预热。系统的往返效率等于22.62%，使用HFO-1234yf作为工作流体。此外，研究了改变蒸发器和冷凝器压力以及使用不同冷却剂的影响。使用四种纯制冷剂和两种流体混合物来寻找工作流体对系统性能的影响。参数分析表明，在所选流体中，使用异丁烷可实现最高的往返效率 (22.81%)。成本分析表明，电力的平准化成本为 0.05 美元/千瓦时，