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Seasonality in power law scaling of convective and stratiform rainfall with lightning intensity over Indian Monsoon regions
Atmospheric Research ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105265
B.A. Choudhury , B.N. Goswami , Yasmin Zahan , P.V. Rajesh

Abstract The power law relationship between the rain (RT) and lightning flash (LF) is useful for estimating rainfall over poorly gauged catchment areas of rivers over north-east India (NEI) and that between LF and storm top height (STH) is key to lightning parametrization in models. However, they are poorly constrained over the Indian monsoon region where potential for significant changes exists with large spatial variability of rainfall, strong land-ocean contrast, seasonality and contribution of stratiform to total rainfall. Using 16 years of TRMM-PR data and LIS data, here we examine the RT and LF relationship and between LF and STH during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons over four regions, NEI, Central India (CI), Bay of Bengal (BoB) and Indian Ocean (IO). A stronger power law (exponent b = 0.71) during pre-monsoon than that during the monsoon season (b = 0.58) apply for convective rain over land (including BoB) while a weaker relationship is applicable for stratiform rain with b = 0.60, and b = 0.47 respectively. Over IO, the relationship is nearly identical for convective and stratiform rain with no seasonality (b ~ 0.4). A power law poorly represents the LF-STH relationship over land and fails over IO. A fifth power law is applicable only for pre-monsoon convective rain over land weakening to half in monsoon seasons (b = 2.48). For stratiform rain it is weaker with (b = 3.27) and (b = 1.67) for pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons respectively. Our findings suggest that one threshold based lightning parameterizations are inadequate and need to be generalized to include regional and seasonal differences unraveled here.

中文翻译:

印度季风地区闪电强度对流和层状降雨的幂律标度的季节性

摘要 雨 (RT) 和闪电 (LF) 之间的幂律关系可用于估算印度东北部 (NEI) 上测量欠佳的河流集水区的降雨量,而 LF 与风暴顶部高度 (STH) 之间的幂律关系是关键到模型中的闪电参数化。然而,它们在印度季风区受到的限制很差,那里存在显着变化的潜力,降雨量的空间变异性大,海陆对比强烈,季节性和层状对总降雨量的贡献。使用 16 年的 TRMM-PR 数据和 LIS 数据,我们在这里检查了四个地区,NEI、印度中部 (CI)、孟加拉湾 (BoB) 在季风前和季风季节期间的 RT 和 LF 关系以及 LF 和 STH 之间的关系和印度洋 (IO)。更强的幂律(指数 b = 0。71) 季风前期比季风季节 (b = 0.58) 适用于陆地(包括 BoB)对流雨,而适用于层状雨的关系较弱,分别为 b = 0.60 和 b = 0.47。在 IO 上,对流和层状雨的关系几乎相同,没有季节性(b ~ 0.4)。幂律不能很好地表示陆地上的 LF-STH 关系并在 IO 上进行故障转移。第五次幂定律仅适用于季风季节前陆地上的对流降雨减弱一半 (b = 2.48)。对于层状雨,季风前和季风季节分别为 (b = 3.27) 和 (b = 1.67)。我们的研究结果表明,一种基于阈值的闪电参数化是不够的,需要推广到包括这里揭示的区域和季节差异。58) 适用于陆地(包括 BoB)上的对流雨,而较弱的关系适用于 b = 0.60 和 b = 0.47 的层状雨。在 IO 上,对流和层状雨的关系几乎相同,没有季节性(b ~ 0.4)。幂律不能很好地表示陆地上的 LF-STH 关系并在 IO 上进行故障转移。第五次幂定律仅适用于季风季节前陆地上的对流降雨减弱一半 (b = 2.48)。对于层状雨,季风前和季风季节分别为 (b = 3.27) 和 (b = 1.67)。我们的研究结果表明,一种基于阈值的闪电参数化是不够的,需要推广到包括这里揭示的区域和季节差异。58) 适用于陆地(包括 BoB)上的对流雨,而较弱的关系适用于 b = 0.60 和 b = 0.47 的层状雨。在 IO 上,对流和层状雨的关系几乎相同,没有季节性(b ~ 0.4)。幂律不能很好地表示陆地上的 LF-STH 关系并在 IO 上进行故障转移。第五次幂定律仅适用于季风季节前陆地上的对流降雨减弱一半 (b = 2.48)。对于层状雨,季风前和季风季节分别为 (b = 3.27) 和 (b = 1.67)。我们的研究结果表明,一种基于阈值的闪电参数化是不够的,需要推广到包括这里揭示的区域和季节差异。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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