The kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has succeeded in bringing the reported numbers of Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases from hundreds during the 1980s and 1990s to zero case in 2019. The endemicity of VL has been confined mainly to the Southwest regions, namely Jazan and Aseer regions. Leishmania donovani species have been identified as the causative species of VL, while L. infantum have been isolated only from dogs in the endemic areas. Many species of sand flies were caught in Southwest, but P. orientalis is the probable transmitter of the disease. The black rat (Rattus ratus) was found to be contributing to maintenance of the parasite life cycle. VL is primarily a disease of children, and 80% of cases were Saudi's, while cases from Yeminis nationality represent the majority of non- Saudi patients. The common clinical presentation consist of chronic fever, abdominal distention, weight loss, anemia and hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory findings include: anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperproteinaemia and hypergammaglobulinemia, low serum iron, and abnormal liver enzymes. Occurrence of jaundice has been identified as a bad prognostic sign. Diagnosis relying on direct smears from bone marrow aspirates was the commonest tool used, and also is advocated by the National Leishmaniasis Control Program (NLCP). Sodium stibogluconate (SSG) is the main drug used to treat VL cases, while Ambisome is preserved for complicated cases. Chemical control of sand flies using indoor residual spraying (IRS) with synthetic pyrethroids has been the most effective measure applied to prevent vector-human contact and disease transmission. The geographical overlap of VL and Malaria has facilitated the adoption and implementation of integrated vector control strategies. After reaching a zero case in 2019, the Ministry of Health (MoH) has a new commitment and facing a great challenge which are maintenance of current situation and elimination of VL. Through the support of stakeholders, encouragement of community participation, preparedness and readiness of leishmaniasis personnel, the new mission of the NLCP now is elimination of the scourge of VL from the country.

沙特阿拉伯王国（KSA）成功地将报告的内脏利什曼病（VL）病例数从1980年代和1990年代的数百例增加到2019年的零例。VL的流行主要限于西南地区，即Jazan和阿塞尔地区。Leishmania donovani物种被确定为VL的致病物种，而L. infantum仅从流行地区的狗中分离出来。西南地区发现了许多沙蝇种，但是东方疟原虫可能是该病的传播者。黑鼠（Rattus ratus被发现有助于维持寄生虫的生命周期。VL主要是儿童疾病，80％的病例是沙特人的，而来自Yeminis国籍的病例代表了大多数非沙特患者。常见的临床表现包括慢性发烧，腹胀，体重减轻，贫血和肝脾肿大。实验室检查结果包括：贫血，白细胞减少症，血小板减少症，白蛋白血症，高蛋白血症和高球蛋白血症，低血清铁和肝酶异常。黄疸的发生已被确定为不良的预后体征。使用骨髓穿刺直接涂片进行诊断是最常用的工具，也是国家利什曼病控制计划（NLCP）提倡的诊断方法。stibogluconate（SSG）是用于治疗VL病例的主要药物，而Ambisome则保留用于复杂情况。使用室内残留喷雾剂（IRS）和合成拟除虫菊酯对沙蝇进行化学控制已成为预防病媒与人接触和疾病传播的最有效措施。VL和疟疾在地理上的重叠促进了综合病媒控制策略的采用和实施。在2019年达到零病例之后，卫生部（MoH）做出了新的承诺，并面临着维持当前形势和消除VL的巨大挑战。通过利益相关者的支持，鼓励社区参与，利什曼病防治人员的准备和就绪，NLCP的新任务现在是消除该国的VL祸害。使用室内残留喷雾剂（IRS）和合成拟除虫菊酯对沙蝇进行化学控制已成为预防病媒与人接触和疾病传播的最有效措施。VL和疟疾在地理上的重叠促进了综合病媒控制策略的采用和实施。在2019年达到零病例之后，卫生部（MoH）做出了新的承诺，并面临着维持当前形势和消除VL的巨大挑战。通过利益相关者的支持，鼓励社区参与，利什曼病防治人员的准备和就绪，NLCP的新任务现在是消除该国的VL祸害。使用室内残留喷雾剂（IRS）和合成拟除虫菊酯对沙蝇进行化学控制已成为预防病媒与人接触和疾病传播的最有效措施。VL和疟疾在地理上的重叠促进了综合病媒控制策略的采用和实施。在2019年达到零病例之后，卫生部（MoH）做出了新的承诺，并面临着维持当前形势和消除VL的巨大挑战。通过利益相关者的支持，鼓励社区参与，利什曼病防治人员的准备和就绪，NLCP的新任务现在是消除该国的VL祸害。