India and other Southeast Asian countries are severely affected by Japanese encephalitis (JE), one of the deadliest vector-borne disease threat to human health. Several epidemiological observations suggest climate variables play a role in providing a favorable environment for mosquito development and virus transmission. In this study, generalized additive models were used to determine the association of JE admissions and mortality with climate variables in Gorakhpur district, India, from 2001–2016. The model predicted that every 1 unit increase in mean (Tmean;°C), and minimum (Tmin;°C) temperature, rainfall (RF; mm) and relative humidity (RH; %) would on average increase the JE admissions by 22.23 %, 17.83 %, 0.66 %, and 5.22 % respectively and JE mortality by 13.27 %, 11.77 %, 0.94 %, and 3.27 % respectively Conversely, every unit decrease in solar radiation (Srad; MJ/m²/day) and wind speed (WS; Kmph) caused an increase in JE admission by 17% and 11.42% and in JE mortality by 9.37% and 4.88% respectively suggesting a protective effect at higher levels. The seasonal analysis shows that temperature was significantly associated with JE in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon while RF, RH, Srad, and WS are associated with the monsoon. Effect modification due to age and gender showed an equal risk for both genders and increased risk for adults above 15 years of age, however, males and age groups under 15 years outnumbered females and adults. Sensitivity analysis results to explore lag effects in climate variables showed that climate variables show the strongest association at lag 1 to 1.5 months with significant lag effect up tp lag 0-60 days. The exposure-response curve for climate variables showed a more or less linear relationship, with an increase in JE admissions and mortality after a certain threshold and decrease were reported at extreme levels of exposure. The study concludes that climate variables could influence the JE vector development and multiplication and parasite maturation and transmission in the Gorakhpur region whose indirect impact was noted for JE admission and mortality. In response to the changing climate, public health interventions, public awareness, and early warning systems would play an unprecedented role to compensate for future risk.

印度和其他东南亚国家受到日本脑炎（JE）的严重影响，日本脑炎是对人类健康造成最致命的媒介传播疾病。几项流行病学观察表明，气候变量在为蚊子发育和病毒传播提供有利环境方面发挥了作用。在这项研究中，使用广义加性模型确定2001年至2016年印度戈拉克布尔地区的JE入学率和死亡率与气候变量之间的关系。该模型预测，平均温度（Tmean;°C）每增加1个单位，最低温度（Tmin;°C），降雨量（RF; mm）和相对湿度（RH;％）每增加1个单位，则平均JE摄入量将增加22.23相反，JE死亡率分别为％，17.83％，0.66％和5.22％，分别为13.27％，11.77％，0.94％和3.27％。²/天）和风速（WS； Kmph）分别导致JE摄入量增加17％和11.42％，以及JE死亡率分别增加9.37％和4.88％，表明在较高水平下有保护作用。季节性分析表明，季风前和季风后温度与JE显着相关，而RF，RH，Srad和WS与季风有关。由于年龄和性别引起的效果改变显示出性别平等的风险，并且15岁以上成年人的风险增加，但是，男性和15岁以下年龄组的人数超过女性和成人。探索气候变量滞后效应的敏感性分析结果表明，气候变量在滞后1到1.5个月显示出最强的关联，在tp滞后0-60天时具有显着的滞后效应。气候变量的暴露-响应曲线显示出或多或少的线性关系，在一定阈值后，JE的摄入量和死亡率增加，极端暴露水平则有所下降。该研究得出的结论是，气候变量可能会影响戈拉克布尔地区的JE媒介的发展和繁殖以及寄生虫的成熟和传播，这间接影响了JE的摄入和死亡率。为了应对气候变化，公共卫生干预措施，公众意识和预警系统将在弥补未来风险方面发挥空前的作用。该研究得出的结论是，气候变量可能会影响戈拉克布尔地区的JE媒介的发展和繁殖以及寄生虫的成熟和传播，这间接影响了JE的摄入和死亡率。为了应对气候变化，公共卫生干预措施，公众意识和预警系统将在弥补未来风险方面发挥空前的作用。该研究得出的结论是，气候变量可能会影响戈拉克布尔地区的JE媒介的发展和繁殖以及寄生虫的成熟和传播，这间接影响了JE的摄入和死亡率。为了应对气候变化，公共卫生干预措施，公众意识和预警系统将在弥补未来风险方面发挥空前的作用。