Predator-prey interactions are affected by environmental conditions. We examined the effect of changes in water level on the predator-prey interactions in a food web comprising of a top predator (dragonfly naiad), one mesopredator (backswimmer), and prey tadpoles of species that differ in microhabitat occupancy (neustonic and benthic). The results revealed that under high water level conditions (HWL), predators took longer to attack the neustonic tadpoles (Microhyla nilphamariensis) relative to the low-water-level condition (LWL). Dragonfly larvae mostly attacked the benthic tadpoles (Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis) when the water level was high. Nevertheless, under LWL, dragonfly larvae equally attacked both benthic and neustonic tadpoles. Interestingly, dragonfly larvae frequently attacked mesopredators (i.e., backswimmers) when they were presented together with neustonic tadpoles. These results demonstrated that changes in water level influence predator-prey interactions in the pond ecosystem where neustonic tadpoles faced lower risk under HWL. The reduction of water level favored the survival of benthic prey tadpoles. The presence of mesopredator (backswimmers) reduced the predation risk of neustonic tadpoles. These results help to understand how the differences in predation risks shape anti-predator responses in these prey tadpoles.

捕食者与猎物的相互作用受环境条件的影响。我们研究了水位变化对食物网中捕食者与猎物之间相互作用的影响，该食物网由微生境占有率不同的物种（新生物和底栖动物）组成，该食物网由顶级捕食者（蜻蜓），一个中捕食者（后掠者）和pre组成。 。结果表明，与低水位条件（LWL）相比，在高水位条件（HWL）下，天敌掠夺攻击longer的时间更长（Microhyla nilphamariensis）。蜻蜓的幼虫主要攻击底栖t（Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis）水位高时。然而，在LWL统治下，蜻蜓的幼虫同样攻击底栖和中子性t。有趣的是，蜻蜓的幼虫在与中性ators一起出现时经常攻击中膜繁殖者（即后游泳者）。这些结果表明，水位的变化会影响池塘生态系统中捕食者与猎物之间的相互作用，在该生态系统中，onic在高WLL下面临的风险较低。水位的降低有利于底栖pre的生存。中控剂（后掠物）的存在降低了reduced的捕食风险。这些结果有助于了解捕食风险的差异如何影响这些pre的反捕食者反应。