Anaerobic methane oxidation is a key process for methane reduction and nitrogen removal in eutrophic lakes. It is very important to know the distribution patterns of anaerobic methane oxidation activity and the related microbes in the typical plateau eutrophic lakes. Here, we aimed to characterize the anaerobic methane oxidation activity and to reveal the correlations to biological/non-biological factors along eutrophic gradients in Dianchi Lake. The anaerobic methane oxidation activity was analyzed by anaerobic incubation and gas chromatography. Candidatus Methylomirabilis was analyzed by Illumina Miseq 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The methane oxidation activities ranged from 1.71 to 5.07 μg/g day⁻¹ in Dianchi Lake. These activities differed significantly among the four zones (p = 0.000), with more activity in the high eutrophication zone (Caohai). The relative abundance of Candidatus Methylomirabilis ranged from 84.86 to 98.13%, with no significant changes evident in the four research zones in Dianchi Lake. The anaerobic methane oxidation activity was significantly positively related to TN, NO₃⁻-N, TC, and Candidatus Methylomirabilis abundance, and significantly negatively related to TP and pH. Thus, our study showed anaerobic methane oxidation occurred in Dianchi sediment and the activity of anaerobic methane oxidation was associated with the level of eutrophication.

厌氧甲烷氧化是富营养化湖泊中甲烷还原和脱氮的关键过程。了解典型的高原富营养化湖泊中厌氧甲烷氧化活性和相关微生物的分布模式非常重要。在这里，我们旨在表征厌氧甲烷的氧化活性，并揭示与滇池富营养梯度的生物/非生物因子的相关性。通过厌氧培养和气相色谱分析厌氧甲烷的氧化活性。通过Illumina Miseq 16S核糖体RNA基因测序分析甲基假丝酵母。滇池的甲烷氧化活动范围为1.71至5.07μg/ g第^-1天。这些活动在四个区域之间存在显着差异（p  = 0.000），在高富营养化地区（草海）具有更大的活性。甲基假丝酵母的相对丰度为84.86％至98.13％，在滇池的四个研究区中没有明显变化。厌氧甲烷氧化活性与TN，NO ₃ ^-- N，TC和甲基假丝酵母的丰度呈显着正相关，与TP和pH呈显着负相关。因此，我们的研究表明，滇池沉积物中发生了厌氧甲烷氧化，而厌氧甲烷氧化的活性与富营养化水平有关。