Previous reviews of Middle Neolithic agricultural practice (4400–3500 cal bc) in southern France have highlighted a change in crop assemblages after 4000 cal bc, with a reduction of naked wheat and an increase of emmer and partly of einkorn. The recent investigation of three wells from the site of Les Bagnoles (4250–3800 cal bc) in the periphery of the southern Rhône valley yielded an unprecedented amount of waterlogged uncharred and charred plant macro remains that offer new insights into crop diversity and its changes over time. The results from the wells at Les Bagnoles were compared with other dated sunken features from open-air sites (in contrast to caves and rock shelters), with the aim of identifying patterns suggesting changes in the crop spectra between the early (MN1) and late (MN2) Middle Neolithic phases from taphonomically comparable contexts. The results from Les Bagnoles demonstrate that oil crops and pulses are underrepresented in dry sites and that they were a significant part of Middle Neolithic agriculture. They also indicate an increase in the representation of einkorn (instead of emmer) during MN2 that is also visible in other open-air sites. The comparison of the archaeobotanical results with silo storage capacity values as a proxy for average production capacity per household leads us to propose a possible drop in naked wheat productivity and opens new questions in factors affecting crop choice at the beginning of the 4th millennium cal bc.

先前对法国南部新石器时代中期农业实践（4400–3500 cal bc）的评论强调，在4000 cal bc之后，农作物的组合发生了变化，裸麦减少了，emmer和部分的einkorn有所增加。对Les Bagnoles（4250–3800 cal bc）现场的三口井的最新调查）在罗纳河谷南部的外围地区产生了史无前例的水淹的未烧焦和已烧焦的植物宏残骸，这些残骸为作物多样性及其随时间的变化提供了新见解。将Les Bagnoles的油井结果与露天场所的其他过时沉没特征（与洞穴和岩石遮蔽物相比）进行了比较，目的是识别表明早期（MN1）至晚期之间的作物光谱变化的模式。 （MN2）来自考古学可比语境的新石器时代中期。Les Bagnoles的结果表明，干旱地区油料作物和豆类的代表性不足，并且它们是新石器时代中期农业的重要组成部分。它们还表明在MN2期间einkorn（而不是emmer）的表示有所增加，这在其他露天场所也可见。BC。