Abstract

Tetrasphaera are an attractive putative group of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) that may play an important role in the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process. Unlike conventional PAOs that mostly rely on volatile fatty acids (VFAs), Tetrasphaera can assimilate a wide range of carbon substrates including glucose and various amino acids (e.g., glycine, glutamate, and aspartate). In addition, they have the ability to produce VFAs. This functional versatility confers significant performance and economic benefits for its application in EBPR processes. However, before the wastewater industry can harness these benefits, fundamental knowledge of their taxonomy, classification and identification in EBPR and activated sludge systems must be understood. This review provides a summary of the polyphasic approach: use of phenotypic, genotypic, and chemotaxonomic methods for bacterial classification and its application in the classification of Tetrasphaera. A review of molecular tools currently used to identify Tetrasphaera in activated sludge systems is also provided. In addition, this review discusses how challenges with molecular tools limit our understanding and application of Tetrasphaera in EBPR processes.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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增强生物除磷工艺中四足类的鉴定和分类：综述

摘要

四球菌是聚磷酸盐蓄积生物（PAO）的一个有吸引力的推定组，它可能在增强的生物除磷（EBPR）过程中发挥重要作用。与主要依靠挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）的常规PAO不同，四叶可以吸收各种碳底物，包括葡萄糖和各种氨基酸（例如，甘氨酸，谷氨酸和天冬氨酸）。此外，它们具有产生VFA的能力。这种功能的多功能性为其在EBPR流程中的应用赋予了可观的性能和经济利益。但是，在废水工业可以利用这些好处之前，必须了解其分类，EBPR和活性污泥系统中的分类和识别的基础知识。这篇综述提供了多相方法的总结：表型，基因型和化学分类方法在细菌分类中的应用及其在四口虫分类中的应用。综述当前用于鉴定四相纲的分子工具还提供了活性污泥系统中的污泥。此外，本文还讨论了分子工具面临的挑战如何限制我们在EBPR过程中对四齿虫的理解和应用。

图形摘要