A new finding of the rare chile Capsicum eshbaughii (Solanaceae), whose location in the field had repeatedly failed in the past, is here reported. The species is poorly known and therefore new data on flowers, fruits, seeds, and chromosome number are provided. The relationships of C. eshbaughii, particularly relative to C. eximium, are explored based on DNA sequence data. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed through Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses using sequence data from four cpDNA intergenic spacers and nuclear waxy. Relationships among haplotypes, using sequences of five cpDNA intergenic spacers, were analysed through a median-joining network. The close affinity of C. eshbaughii with C. eximium is strongly supported although the results are not conclusive about the rank of C. eshbaughii, either as a separate species or as a variety of C. eximium. Issues regarding conservation of the species are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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罕见的玻利维亚野生智利辣椒（茄科）再次定位：其身份和保护的开放式结局

稀有智利辣椒（茄科）的新发现在此报告，其在该领域的定位在过去多次失败。该物种知之甚少，因此提供了有关花、果实、种子和染色体数量的新数据。基于 DNA 序列数据探索 C. eshbaughii 的关系，特别是与 C. eximium 的关系。使用来自四个 cpDNA 基因间隔区和核蜡质的序列数据，通过贝叶斯推理和最大似然分析重建系统发育关系。使用五个 cpDNA 基因间间隔序列的单倍型之间的关系通过中值连接网络进行分析。C. eshbaughii 与 C. eximium 的密切关系得到了强有力的支持，尽管结果对 C. eshbaughii 的等级没有定论，作为单独的物种或作为 C. eximium 的变种。还讨论了有关物种保护的问题。