A facile one-step synthesis approach was developed to prepare ZnO films with multilevel structures composed of microclusters and nanohairs. The hierarchically structured ZnO films demonstrate peculiar wettability—superhydrophobicity but with high normal adhesion. The very high aspect-ratio of ZnO nanohairs minimizes the area of the (002) high potential surface which is the preferential growth direction. Microclusters of ZnO ensure the sufficient short-distance interactions for the normal adhesion, while the overall ZnO platforms with unique geometrical configuration and chemical composition provide the bulk scale conformity necessary for superhydrophobicity and high adhesion for rough or contoured surfaces. The superhydrophobicity of the ZnO nanohair films can be explained with the Cassie impregnating model or partial wetting model. Thanks to its purity as an inorganic material, the superhydrophobic ZnO films exhibit outstanding durability.

中文翻译：

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一步合成具有优异润湿性的多层结构ZnO薄膜

开发了一种简便的一步合成方法来制备具有由微团簇和纳米毛组成的多层结构的ZnO薄膜。分层结构的ZnO膜表现出独特的润湿性-超疏水性，但具有很高的正常附着力。ZnO纳米毛的很高的长宽比使（002）高电势表面的面积最小化，这是优先的生长方向。ZnO的微团簇可确保正常粘合具有足够的短距离相互作用，而具有独特几何构型和化学成分的整体ZnO平台则提供了超疏水性和粗糙或轮廓表面的高粘合性所必需的体积尺度一致性。ZnO纳米毛发膜的超疏水性可以用Cassie浸渍模型或部分润湿模型来解释。