Sandflies are insects of public health interest due to their role as vectors of parasites of the genus Leishmania, as well as other pathogens. Psychodopygus carrerai carrerai is considered an important sylvatic vector of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in Amazonia. In this study, sandflies were collected in a forested area in the Xapuri municipality, in the State of Acre (Northern Brazil). Two Ps. carrerai carrerai females were found parasitized with a larval form of a filarial worm, one in the labium of the proboscis, the other after the head was squashed, suggesting they were infective larvae. Sandflies were identified through morphological characters as well as amplification and sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase gene (COI). This was the first sequence obtained for Ps. carrerai carrerai for this marker. The obtained nematodes were also characterized through direct sequencing of a fragment of COI and 12S genes, both mitochondrial, and ITS1, a nuclear marker. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the filarial nematodes belong to a species without sequences for these markers in the database, part of family Onchocercidade and closely related to genus Onchocerca (12S tree). Although sandfly infection with nematodes including members of the Onchocercidae has been reported in the Old World, this is the first report of sandfly infection by a member of the Onchocercidae family in the New World, to the best of our knowledge. Considering that the phylogenetic relationships and location in the insect, it can be expected that this is a parasite of mammals and the transmission cycle should be clarified.

白蛉是一种具有公共健康意义的昆虫，因为它们是利什曼原虫属寄生虫以及其他病原体的载体。Psychodopygus carrerai carrerai被认为是亚马逊地区巴西利什曼原虫( Viannia )的重要森林传播媒介。在这项研究中，在阿克里州（巴西北部）的 Xapuri 市的森林地区收集了白蛉。两个PS。卡雷莱发现雌性体内寄生着一种幼虫形式的丝虫，一个在长鼻唇部，另一个在头部被挤压后，表明它们是感染性的幼虫。通过形态特征以及细胞色素氧化酶基因 (COI) 的扩增和测序来鉴定白蛉。这是为Ps获得的第一个序列。carrerai carrerai用于此标记。获得的线虫还通过直接测序 COI 和 12S 基因（均为线粒体）和 ITS1（一种核标记物）的片段进行表征。系统发育分析表明，丝虫线虫属于一种在数据库中没有这些标记序列的物种，属于盘尾丝虫科，与盘尾丝虫属密切相关（12S树）。尽管在旧世界已经报道了白蛉感染包括盘尾丝虫科成员在内的线虫，但据我们所知，这是新大陆盘尾蚴科成员感染白蛉的第一次报告。考虑到昆虫的系统发育关系和位置，可以预期这是哺乳动物的寄生虫，应该澄清传播周期。