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Review article: Hilbert problems for the climate sciences in the 21st century – 20 years later
Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-17 , DOI: 10.5194/npg-27-429-2020
Michael Ghil

Abstract. The scientific problems posed by the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, cryosphere – along with the land surface and biota that interact with them – are central to major socioeconomic and political concerns in the 21st century. It is natural, therefore, that a certain impatience should prevail in attempting to solve these problems. The point of a review paper published in this journal in 2001 was that one should proceed with all diligence but not excessive haste, namely “festina lente”, i.e., “to hurry in a measured way”. The earlier paper traced the necessary progress through the solutions of 10 problems, starting with “What can we predict beyond 1 week, for how long, and by what methods?” and ending with “Can we achieve enlightened climate control of our planet by the end of the century?” A unified framework was proposed to deal with these problems in succession, from the shortest to the longest timescale, i.e., from weeks to centuries and millennia. The framework is that of dynamical systems theory, with an emphasis on successive bifurcations and the ergodic theory of nonlinear systems, on the one hand, and on pursuing this approach across a hierarchy of climate models, from the simplest, highly idealized ones to the most detailed ones. Here, we revisit some of these problems, 20 years later, 1 and extend the framework to coupled climate–economy modeling.

中文翻译:

评论文章:21 世纪气候科学的希尔伯特问题——20 年后

摘要。地球大气层、海洋、冰冻圈以及与之相互作用的地表和生物群所带来的科学问题是 21 世纪主要社会经济和政治问题的核心。因此,在尝试解决这些问题时,自然会出现某种不耐烦。2001年在该杂志发表的一篇评论文章的要点是,要全力以赴,但不能操之过急,即“festina lente”,即“有节制地匆忙”。较早的论文通过 10 个问题的解决方案追溯了必要的进展,从“我们可以预测 1 周后的内容,持续多长时间,以及用什么方法?” 并以“到本世纪末我们能否实现对地球的开明气候控制?” 提出了一个统一的框架来依次处理这些问题,从最短到最长的时间尺度,即从几周到几百年和几千年。该框架是动力系统理论的框架,一方面强调连续分岔和非线性系统的遍历理论,另一方面强调在气候模型的层次结构中采用这种方法,从最简单、高度理想化的模型到最复杂的模型。详细的。在这里,我们在 20 年后重新审视其中的一些问题,1 并将框架扩展到耦合气候-经济建模。该框架是动力系统理论的框架,一方面强调连续分岔和非线性系统的遍历理论,另一方面强调在气候模型的层次结构中采用这种方法,从最简单、高度理想化的模型到最复杂的模型。详细的。在这里,我们在 20 年后重新审视其中的一些问题,1 并将框架扩展到耦合气候-经济建模。该框架是动力系统理论的框架,一方面强调连续分岔和非线性系统的遍历理论,另一方面强调在气候模型的层次结构中采用这种方法,从最简单、高度理想化的模型到最复杂的模型。详细的。在这里,我们在 20 年后重新审视其中的一些问题,1 并将框架扩展到耦合气候-经济建模。
更新日期:2020-09-17
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