ABSTRACT Intensive selection in modern lines of fast-growing chickens has caused several skeletal disorders. Therefore, current research is focused on methods to improve the bones of birds. A new potential solution is in ovo technology using nanoparticles with a high specificity for the bone tissue. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of in ovo application of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA-NP) in different concentrations (50, 100 and 500 μg/ml colloids) on chicken embryo development, with a particular focus on the oxidative status and bone characteristics of the embryo. The results showed that in ovo treatment with HA-NP did not negatively affect hatchability and body weight. However, bone weight was reduced in 500 μg/ml group. The concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and crude ash were not affected. The modulatory effect of HA-NP was observed on the basis of antioxidative markers – superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant status, malondialdehyde in serum and selected tissues. Glutathione concentration in serum suggested higher metabolic stress. Among bone turnover markers, the concentration of osteocalcin was found to be significantly affected by HA-NP injection. Thus, the in ovo application of HA-NP could modify the molecular responses at the stage of embryogenesis but these changes were not reflected in embryo growth and even slowed down bone development. Nevertheless, the question for the follow-up research is whether in ovo administration of HA-NP would affect the antioxidative status and bone turnover resulting in improved bone conditions and body gain in post hatch chickens.

中文翻译：

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羟磷灰石纳米粒卵内应用对鸡胚胎发育、氧化状态和骨骼特性的影响

摘要 现代快速生长鸡系的集约化选择导致了几种骨骼疾病。因此，目前的研究集中在改善鸟类骨骼的方法上。一种新的潜在解决方案是使用对骨组织具有高度特异性的纳米颗粒的卵内技术。因此，本研究的目的是评估不同浓度（50、100 和 500 μg/ml 胶体）的羟磷灰石纳米颗粒 (HA-NP) 的卵内应用对鸡胚胎发育的影响，特别关注胚胎的氧化状态和骨骼特征。结果表明，用 HA-NP 进行卵内处理不会对孵化率和体重产生负面影响。然而，500 μg/ml 组的骨重降低。钙、磷和粗灰分的浓度不受影响。根据抗氧化标志物——超氧化物歧化酶、总抗氧化状态、血清和选定组织中的丙二醛，观察到 HA-NP 的调节作用。血清中的谷胱甘肽浓度表明更高的代谢压力。在骨转换标志物中，发现骨钙素的浓度受 HA-NP 注射的显着影响。因此，卵内应用 HA-NP 可以改变胚胎发生阶段的分子反应，但这些变化并未反映在胚胎生长中，甚至减缓了骨骼发育。然而，后续研究的问题是卵内施用 HA-NP 是否会影响抗氧化状态和骨转换，从而改善孵化后鸡的骨骼状况和体重。