ABSTRACT

Introduction Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has quickly spread around the world.

Areas covered This review will discuss the available immunologic and clinical evidence to support the benefit of the influenza, pneumococcal, and tuberculosis vaccines in the context of COVID-19 as well as to provide an overview on the COVID-19-specific vaccines that are in the development pipeline. In addition, implications for vaccination strategies from a public health perspective will be discussed.

Expert opinion Some vaccines are being considered for their potentially beneficial role in preventing or improving the prognosis of COVID-19: influenza, pneumococcal and tuberculosis vaccines. These vaccines may have either direct effect on COVID-19 via different types of immune responses or indirect effects by reducing the burden of viral and bacterial respiratory diseases on individual patients and national healthcare system and by facilitating differential diagnoses with other viral/bacterial respiratory disease. On the other hand, a large number of candidate vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are currently in the pipeline and undergoing phase I, II, and III clinical studies. As SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are expected to be marketed through accelerated regulatory pathways, vaccinovigilance as well as planning of a successful vaccination campaign will play a major role in protecting public health.

介绍

由严重的急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）引起的冠状病毒病（COVID-19）已迅速在世界范围内传播。

覆盖区域

这篇综述将讨论可用的免疫学和临床证据，以支持流感，肺炎球菌和肺结核疫苗在预防COVID-19和改善COVID-19患者预后方面的益处，并提供有关COVID的最新概述正在开发的-19种特定疫苗。此外，还将讨论从公共卫生角度对疫苗接种策略的影响。

专家意见

考虑到一些常用的疫苗在预防或改善COVID-19的预后方面具有潜在的有益作用：流感疫苗，肺炎球菌疫苗和肺结核疫苗。这些疫苗可能通过不同类型的免疫反应对COVID-19产生直接影响，或者通过减轻病毒和细菌性呼吸道疾病对个别患者和国家医疗系统的负担，以及通过与其他病毒/细菌性呼吸道疾病的鉴别诊断来产生间接作用。后者可能最终允许更快速地感染SARS-CoV-2的患者隔离和接触者追踪。另一方面，目前有大量针对SARS-CoV-2的候选疫苗正在开发中，并且正在进行I，II和III期临床研究。