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Complex Relationship between Tunneling Patterns and Individual Behaviors in Termites
The American Naturalist ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 , DOI: 10.1086/711020
Nobuaki Mizumoto 1, 2 , Paul M. Bardunias 3 , Stephen C. Pratt 1
Affiliation  

The nests built by social insects are complex group-level structures that emerge from interactions among individuals following simple behavioral rules. Nest patterns vary among species, and the theory of complex systems predicts that there is no simple one-to-one relationship between variation in collective patterns and variation in individual behaviors. Therefore, a species-by-species comparison of the actual building process is essential to understand the mechanism producing diverse nest patterns. Here, we compare tunnel formation of three termite species and reveal two mechanisms producing interspecific variation: in one, a common behavioral rule yields distinct patterns via parameter tuning, and in the other, distinct rules produce similar patterns. We found that two related species transport sand in the same way using mandibles but build tunnels with different degrees of branching. The variation arises from different probabilities of choosing between two behavioral options at crowded tunnel faces: excavating the sidewall to make a new branch or waiting for clearance to extend the current tunnel. We further discovered that a third species independently evolved low-branched patterns using different building rules, namely, a bucket brigade that can excavate a crowded tunnel. Our findings emphasize the importance of direct comparative study of collective behaviors at both individual and group levels.

中文翻译:

隧道模式与白蚁个体行为之间的复杂关系

由社交昆虫建造的巢是复杂的群体级结构,是由遵循简单行为规则的个体之间的相互作用而形成的。巢的模式因物种而异,复杂系统的理论预测,集体模式的变化与个体行为的变化之间不存在简单的一对一关系。因此,对实际构建过程进行逐种比较对于了解产生不同巢状图案的机制至关重要。在这里,我们比较了三种白蚁物种的隧道形成,并揭示了产生种间变异的两种机制:一种,共同的行为规则通过参数调整产生不同的模式,而另一种,不同的规则产生相似的模式。我们发现,两个相关物种使用下颌骨以相同的方式运输沙子,但建立了具有不同分支程度的隧道。这种变化是由于在拥挤的隧道面的两个行为选项之间进行选择的可能性不同而产生的:挖掘侧壁以形成新的分支,或等待间隙来扩展当前的隧道。我们进一步发现,第三个物种使用不同的构建规则独立地进化出低分支模式,即可以开挖拥挤隧道的水桶大队。我们的研究结果强调了直接比较研究个人和团体水平上集体行为的重要性。挖掘侧壁以形成新分支或等待间隙以扩展当前隧道。我们进一步发现,第三物种使用不同的构建规则独立地进化出低分支模式,即可以开挖拥挤隧道的水桶大队。我们的研究结果强调了直接比较研究个人和团体水平上集体行为的重要性。挖掘侧壁以形成新分支或等待间隙以扩展当前隧道。我们进一步发现,第三个物种使用不同的构建规则独立地进化出低分支模式,即可以开挖拥挤隧道的水桶大队。我们的研究结果强调了直接比较研究个人和团体水平上集体行为的重要性。
更新日期:2020-09-18
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