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Exposure to Fungal Volatiles Can Influence Volatile Emissions From Other Ophiostomatoid Fungi
Frontiers in Microbiology ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-31 , DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.567462
Fuai Wang , Jonathan A. Cale , Altaf Hussain , Nadir Erbilgin

Fungal volatile organic compounds (FVOCs) can act as intra- and inter-kingdom communication signals that influence the growth and behaviors of organisms involved in antagonistic or mutualistic relationships with fungi. There is growing evidence suggesting that FVOCs can mediate interactions between organisms within and across different ecological niches. Bark beetles have established mutualistic relationships with ophiostomatoid fungi which can serve as a food source and condition host plant tissues for developing beetle larvae. While the profiles (both composition and concentrations) of volatile emission from ophiostomatoid fungi can be influenced by abiotic factors, whether emissions from a given fungal species can be influenced by those from another is still unknown. Here, we analyzed FVOCs emitted from the two ophiostomatoid fungi, Grosmannia clavigera and Ophiostoma ips, associated with mountain pine beetle and pine engraver beetle, respectively, when each fungus was growing alone or in a shared headspace. We used two isolates of each fungus species. Overall, we detected a total of eight volatiles in both G. clavigera alone or in combination with O. ips including acetoin, ethyl acetate, cis-grandisol, isoamyl alcohol, isobutanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, phenethyl acetate, and phenethyl alcohol. The profiles of volatiles emitted differed between the two fungal species but not between the two isolates of the same fungus. Six compounds were common between the species, whereas two compounds were detected only when G. clavigera was present. Moreover, the majority of volatiles were detected less frequently and at lower concentrations when the two fungi were grown together in a shared headspace. These results are likely due to reduced volatile emissions from O. ips in the presence of G. clavigera. However, changes in the profiles of fungal volatiles did not correspond with the observed changes in the growth of either species. Overall, these results suggest that the similarities in fungal volatiles among different species of fungi may reflect a common ecological niche and that the differences may correspond to species-specific adaptation to their respective host beetles or genetic factors.



中文翻译:

暴露于真菌挥发物会影响其他蛇眼类真菌的挥发物排放

真菌挥发性有机化合物(FVOC)可以作为内部和内部的交流信号,影响与真菌形成拮抗或相互关系的生物的生长和行为。越来越多的证据表明FVOC可以介导不同生态位内和不同位之间的生物之间的相互作用。树皮甲虫已与ophiostomatoid真菌建立了相互关系,后者可以作为食物来源并调节寄主植物组织的发育,从而发展出甲虫幼虫。尽管非生物因素可影响类固醇真菌挥发物排放的分布图(组成和浓度),但仍无法确定给定真菌物种的排放是否会受到其他真菌物种的影响。在这里,我们分析了两种蛇oph类真菌释放的FVOC,罗汉果蛇口鱼当每种真菌单独或在共同的顶空生长时,分别与松树甲虫和松刻甲虫相关。我们使用了每种真菌的两个分离株。总体而言,我们在这两种气体中总共检测到八个挥发物克氏菌 单独或与 O.ips 包括乙醛,乙酸乙酯, 顺式-大丁香酚,异戊醇,异丁醇,2-甲基-1-丁醇,苯乙基乙酸酯和苯乙醇。两种真菌种类之间释放的挥发物特征不同,但同一真菌的两种分离物之间没有差异。物种之间共有六种化合物,而仅当克氏菌存在。此外,当两种真菌在共享的顶部空间一起生长时,大多数挥发性物质的检测频率较低,浓度较低。这些结果可能是由于减少了来自O.ips 在......的存在下 克氏菌。但是,真菌挥发物特征的变化与所观察到的任一物种的生长变化均不对应。总体而言,这些结果表明,不同真菌种类之间真菌挥发物的相似性可能反映了共同的生态位,并且这些差异可能对应于物种对其各自寄主甲虫或遗传因素的适应性。

更新日期:2020-09-18
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