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Lithospheric Delamination Beneath the Southern Puna Plateau Resolved by Local Earthquake Tomography
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-17 , DOI: 10.1029/2019jb019040
Jing Chen 1, 2 , Sofia‐Katerina Kufner 2, 3 , Xiaohui Yuan 2 , Benjamin Heit 2 , Hao Wu 1 , Dinghui Yang 1 , Bernd Schurr 2 , Suzanne Kay 4
Affiliation  

We present a local earthquake tomography to illuminate the crustal and uppermost mantle structure beneath the southern Puna plateau and to test the delamination hypothesis. Vp and Vp/Vs ratios were obtained using travel time variations recorded by 75 temporary seismic stations between 2007 and 2009. In the upper crust, prominent low Vp anomalies are found beneath the main volcanic centers, indicating the presence of magma and melt beneath the southern Puna plateau. Beneath the Moho at around 90‐km depth, a strong high Vp anomaly is detected just west of the giant backarc Cerro Galan ignimbrite caldera. This high Vp anomaly is only resolved if earthquakes with an azimuthal gap up to 300° are included in the inversion. However, we show through data subset and synthetic tests that the anomaly is robust due to our specific station‐event geometry and interpret it as a delaminated block of lower crust and uppermost mantle lithosphere under the southern Puna plateau. The low velocities in the crust are interpreted as a product of the delamination event that triggered the rise of fluids and melts into the crust and induced the high topography in this part of the plateau. The tomography also reveals the existence of low‐velocity anomalies that link arc magmatism at the Ojos del Salado volcanic center with slab seismicity clusters at depths of about 100 and 150 km and support fluid transport in the mantle wedge due to dehydration reaction within the subducted slab.

中文翻译:

局部地震层析成像技术解决了南普纳高原下的岩石圈分层

我们提出了局部地震层析成像技术,以阐明南普纳高原以下的地壳和最上层的地幔结构,并测试分层假设。使用2007年至2009年间75个临时地震台站记录的传播时间变化来获得Vp和Vp / Vs比率。在上地壳中,在主要火山中心下方发现了明显的低Vp异常,表明南部地区下方存在岩浆和熔岩。普纳高原。在Moho下方约90公里的深度处,在巨大的后弧Cerro Galan火成岩破火山口以西发现了一个强Vp异常。仅当反演中包括方位角间隙最大为300°的地震时,这种高Vp异常才能解决。然而,我们通过数据子集和综合测试表明,由于我们特定的台站事件几何形状,该异常具有较强的鲁棒性,并将其解释为南普那高原下地壳和上地幔岩石圈的分层块。地壳中的低速度被解释为分层事件的产物,分层事件触发了流体的上升并融化到地壳中,并在高原的这一部分引起了高形貌。断层扫描还揭示了低速异常的存在,这些异常异常将Ojos del Salado火山中心的弧岩浆作用与大约100和150 km深度处的平板地震活动性簇联系在一起,并由于俯冲平板内的脱水反应而支持了地幔楔中的流体运移。 。地壳中的低速度被解释为分层事件的产物,分层事件触发了流体的上升并融化到地壳中,并在高原的这一部分引起了高形貌。断层扫描还揭示了低速异常的存在,这些异常异常将Ojos del Salado火山中心的弧岩浆作用与大约100和150 km深度处的平板地震活动性簇联系在一起,并由于俯冲平板内的脱水反应而支持了地幔楔中的流体运移。 。地壳中的低速度被解释为分层事件的产物,分层事件触发了流体的上升并融化到地壳中,并在高原的这一部分引起了高形貌。断层扫描还揭示了低速异常的存在,这些异常异常将Ojos del Salado火山中心的弧岩浆作用与大约100和150 km深度处的平板地震活动性簇联系在一起,并由于俯冲平板内的脱水反应而支持了地幔楔中的流体运移。 。
更新日期:2020-09-29
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