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Neuroimmune Cross Talk and Evolving Pharmacotherapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases.
Immunology ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 , DOI: 10.1111/imm.13264
Falguni Baidya 1 , Mariya Bohra 1 , Aishika Datta 1 , Deepaneeta Sarmah 1 , Birva Shah 1 , Priya Jagtap 1 , Swapnil Raut 1 , Ankan Sarkar 1 , Upasna Singh 1 , Kiran Kalia 1 , Anupom Borah 2 , Xin Wang 3 , Kunjan R Dave 4 , Dileep R Yavagal 5 , Pallab Bhattacharya 1
Affiliation  

Neurodegeneration is characterized by gradual onset and limited availability of specific biomarkers. Apart from various aetiologies such as infection, trauma, genetic mutation, the interaction between the immune system and CNS is widely associated with neuronal damage in neurodegenerative diseases. The immune system plays a distinct role in disease progression and cellular homeostasis. It induces cellular and humoral responses, and enables tissue repair, cellular healing and clearance of cellular detritus. Aberrant and chronic activation of the immune system can damage healthy neurons. The pro‐inflammatory mediators secreted by chief innate immune components, the complement system, microglia and inflammasome can augment cytotoxicity. Furthermore, these inflammatory mediators accelerate microglial activation resulting in progressive neuronal loss. Various animal studies have been carried out to unravel the complex pathology and ascertain biomarkers for these harmful diseases, but have had limited success. The present review will provide a thorough understanding of microglial activation, complement system and inflammasome generation, which lead the healthy brain towards neurodegeneration. In addition to this, possible targets of immune components to confer a strategic treatment regime for the alleviation of neuronal damage are also summarized.

中文翻译:

神经退行性疾病中的神经免疫串扰和不断发展的药物疗法。

神经退行性疾病的特点是逐渐发生且特定生物标志物的可用性有限。除了感染、创伤、基因突变等多种病因外,免疫系统和中枢神经系统之间的相互作用与神经退行性疾病中的神经元损伤广泛相关。免疫系统在疾病进展和细胞稳态中发挥着独特的作用。它诱导细胞和体液反应,并促进组织修复、细胞愈合和细胞碎屑的清除。免疫系统的异常和慢性激活会损害健康的神经元。主要先天免疫成分、补体系统、小胶质细胞和炎症小体分泌的促炎介质可以增强细胞毒性。此外,这些炎症介质加速小胶质细胞激活,导致进行性神经元损失。人们已经进行了各种动物研究来阐明复杂的病理学并确定这些有害疾病的生物标志物,但取得的成功有限。本综述将提供对小胶质细胞激活、补体系统和炎症小体生成的全面了解,这些因素会导致健康的大脑走向神经退行性变。除此之外,还总结了免疫成分的可能目标,以提供减轻神经元损伤的战略治疗方案。
更新日期:2020-09-16
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