Increasing fossil fuel consumption and global warming has been driving the worldwide revolution towards renewable energy. Biomass is abundant and low-cost resource whereas it requires environmentally friendly and cost-effective conversion technique. Pyrolysis of biomass into valuable bio-oil has attracted much attention in the past decades due to its feasibility and huge commercial outlook. However, the complex chemical compositions and high water content in bio-oil greatly hinder the large-scale application and commercialization. Therefore, catalytic pyrolysis of biomass for selective production of specific chemicals will stand out as a unique pathway. This review aims to improve the understanding for the process by illustrating the chemistry of non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis of biomass at the temperatures ranging from 400 to 650 °C. The focus is to introduce recent progress about producing value-added hydrocarbons, phenols, anhydrosugars, and nitrogen-containing compounds from catalytic pyrolysis of biomass over zeolites, metal oxides, etc. via different reaction pathways including cracking, Diels-Alder/aromatization, ketonization/aldol condensation, and ammoniation. The potential challenges and future directions for this technique are discussed in deep.

化石燃料消耗的增加和全球变暖一直在推动全球向可再生能源的革命。生物质资源丰富且成本低廉，但它需要环保且具有成本效益的转化技术。在过去的几十年中，生物质热解成有价值的生物油由于其可行性和巨大的商业前景而备受关注。然而，复杂的化学成分和生物油中的高含水量极大地阻碍了大规模的应用和商业化。因此，用于选择性生产特定化学品的生物质催化热解将成为独特的途径。这篇综述旨在通过举例说明在400至650°C的温度下生物质的非催化和催化热解的化学过程，从而增进对工艺的理解。重点是介绍通过裂化，Diels-Alder /芳构化，酮化等不同反应途径，由生物质在沸石，金属氧化物等上催化热解生产增值烃，酚，脱水糖和含氮化合物的最新进展。 /醛缩合和氨化。深入讨论了该技术的潜在挑战和未来方向。