Functional neuroimaging and lesion-symptom mapping investigations implicate a left frontal-temporal-parietal network for sentence processing. The majority of studies have focused on sentence comprehension, with fewer in the domain of sentence production, which have not fully elucidated overlapping and/or unique brain structures associated with the two domains, particularly for sentences with noncanonical word order. Using voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) we examined the relationship between lesions within the left hemisphere language network and both sentence comprehension and production of simple and complex syntactic structures in 76 participants with chronic stroke-induced aphasia. Results revealed shared regions across domains in the anterior and posterior superior temporal gyri (aSTG, pSTG), and the temporal pole (adjusted for verb production/comprehension). Additionally, comprehension was associated with lesions in the anterior and posterior middle temporal gyri (aMTG, pMTG), the MTG temporooccipital regions, SMG/AG, central and parietal operculum, and the insula. Subsequent VLSM analyses (production versus comprehension) revealed critical regions associated with each domain: anterior temporal lesions were associated with production; posterior temporo-parietal lesions were associated with comprehension, implicating important roles for regions within the ventral and dorsal stream processing routes, respectively. Processing of syntactically complex, noncanonical (adjusted for canonical), sentences was associated with damage to the pSTG across domains, with additional damage to the pMTG and IPL associated with impaired sentence comprehension, suggesting that the pSTG is crucial for computing noncanonical sentences across domains and that the pMTG, and IPL are necessary for re-analysis of thematic roles as required for resolution of long-distance dependencies. These findings converge with previous studies and extend our knowledge of the neural mechanisms of sentence comprehension to production, highlighting critical regions associated with both domains, and further address the mechanism engaged for syntactic computation, controlled for the contribution of verb processing.

中文翻译：

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句子生成和理解的共同和不同的神经基质

功能性神经影像学和病变症状映射研究暗示了用于句子处理的左额叶-颞叶-顶叶网络。大多数研究都集中在句子理解上，很少有人关注句子生成领域，这些研究尚未完全阐明与这两个领域相关的重叠和/或独特的大脑结构，特别是对于具有非规范词序的句子。使用基于体素的病变症状映射 (VLSM)，我们检查了 76 名患有慢性中风引起的失语症的参与者的左半球语言网络内的病变与句子理解和简单和复杂句法结构的产生之间的关系。结果揭示了前后颞上回（aSTG、pSTG）跨域的共享区域，和时间极（针对动词产生/理解进行了调整）。此外，理解与前中后颞中回（aMTG、pMTG）、MTG 颞枕区、SMG/AG、中央和顶叶盖以及脑岛的损伤有关。随后的 VLSM 分析（生产与理解）揭示了与每个领域相关的关键区域：前颞损伤与生产相关；后颞顶叶病变与理解相关，分别暗示腹侧和背侧流处理路线内区域的重要作用。处理句法复杂、非规范（针对规范进行调整）的句子与跨域的 pSTG 损坏相关，pMTG 和 IPL 的额外损害与句子理解受损相关，这表明 pSTG 对于跨域计算非规范句子至关重要，并且 pMTG 和 IPL 对于重新分析主题角色是必要的，以解决长距离问题依赖项。这些发现与之前的研究相吻合，并将我们对句子理解的神经机制的知识扩展到生产，突出与这两个领域相关的关键区域，并进一步解决用于句法计算的机制，控制动词处理的贡献。