This work aims at comparing the response of activated sludge on the exposure either to aluminum oxide microparticles (Al₂O₃ MPs) or aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al₂O₃ NPs) in the activated sludge system operating in the continuous mode. It was for the first time made with regard to three issues: composition of the microbial community, morphology of activated sludge flocs and settling properties of the sludge. It occurred that the addition of Al₂O₃ MPs or NPs to activated sludge did not reduce either richness or diversity of the bacterial community. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in each activated sludge system studied, however the presence of Al₂O₃ MPs or NPs caused to the decrease of Betaproteobacteria and the increase of Alphaproteobacteria. The most abundant genera identified in the control run, i.e. without addition of Al₂O₃ particles, were KD1-23, Caldilinea, Dechloromonas and Pseudomonas, whereas in the runs with Al₂O₃ MPs or NPs these were Caldilinea, Pseudomonas, Brevundimonas, Terracoccus or Caldilinea, Rhodobacter, Dokdonella, Terracocus, respectively. It was found that Al₂O₃ MPs or NPs contributed to the reduction of the denitrifying bacteria representing the genera Dechloromonas and KD1-23. Regarding the flocs morphology it occurred that Al₂O₃ NPs influenced it stronger than Al₂O₃ MPs did. Al₂O₃ NPs made the activated sludge flocs bigger and more circular compared to those exposed to Al₂O₃ MPs or not exposed to any Al₂O₃ particles. These changes of flocs morphology influenced positively the settling properties of activated sludge and contributed to the limitation of sludge bulking.

这项工作旨在比较以连续模式运行的活性污泥系统中活性污泥对暴露于氧化铝微粒（Al ₂ O ₃ MPs）或氧化铝纳米颗粒（Al ₂ O ₃ NPs）的反应。这是关于三个问题的第一次：微生物群落的组成，活性污泥絮凝物的形态和污泥的沉降特性。发生的情况是，向活性污泥中添加Al ₂ O ₃ MP或NP不会降低细菌群落的丰富度或多样性。变形菌在每种活化淤泥系统的主导门研究，将Al但是存在_2名ö ₃国会议员或纳米粒子引起的降低β-变形菌和增加α-变形菌。在对照实验中确定的最丰富的属，即不添加Al ₂ O ₃颗粒，是KD1-23，Caldilinea，Dechloromonas和Pseudomonas，而在具有Al ₂ O ₃ MP或NP的实验中是Caldilinea，Pseudomonas，Brevundimonas，水球菌或Caldilinea，红细菌，十二指肠，Terracocus。发现Al ₂ O ₃ MPs或NPs有助于减少代表Dechloromonas和KD1-23属的反硝化细菌。关于絮体形态，发现Al ₂ O ₃ NPs对絮凝物的影响强于Al ₂ O ₃ MPs。与暴露于Al ₂ O ₃ MP或未暴露于任何Al ₂ O _3的污泥相比，Al ₂ O ₃ NP使活性污泥的絮状物更大，更圆粒子。絮凝物形态的这些变化对活性污泥的沉降特性产生了积极影响，并导致了污泥膨胀的限制。