Several emerging battery technologies are currently on endeavour to take a share of the dominant position taken by Li-ion batteries in the field of energy storage. Among them, sodium-based batteries offer a combination of attractive properties i.e., low cost, sustainable precursors and secure raw material supplies. Na-based batteries include related battery concepts, such as Na-ion, all solid-state Na batteries, Na/O₂ and Na/S, that differ in key components and in redox chemistry, and therefore result in separate challenges and metrics. Na-ion batteries represent an attractive solution which is almost ready to challenge Li-ion technology in certain applications; the other cell concepts represent a more disruptive innovation, with a higher performance gain, provided that major hurdles are overcome. The present review aims at highlighting the most promising materials in the field of Na-based batteries and challenges needed to be addressed to make this technology industrially appealing, by providing an in-depth analysis of performance metrics from recent literature. To this end, half-cell reported metrics have been extrapolated to full cell level for the more mature Na-ion technology to provide a fair comparison with existing technologies.

当前，几种新兴的电池技术正在努力占据锂离子电池在储能领域所占据的主导地位。其中，钠基电池具有诱人的性能，即低成本，可持续的前体和安全的原材料供应。钠基电池包括相关的电池概念，例如钠离子，所有固态钠电池，Na / O ₂和Na / S，它们在关键成分和氧化还原化学上有所不同，因此分别带来挑战和衡量标准。钠离子电池代表了一种有吸引力的解决方案，几乎可以在某些应用中挑战锂离子技术。其他电池概念代表了更具颠覆性的创新，并且在克服主要障碍的情况下具有更高的性能提升。本综述旨在通过对最新文献中的性能指标进行深入分析，重点介绍钠基电池领域最有前途的材料，以及使该技术在工业上具有吸引力所需要解决的挑战。为此，已将半电池报告的指标外推到更成熟的Na-ion技术的全电池水平，以提供与现有技术的公平比较。