Predation of wildlife and livestock by large carnivores takes place within many ecological and institutional settings. In this paper, moose predation by wolves is studied within a Norwegian institutional setting where the landowners obtain the moose harvesting value and where the wolf population is strictly controlled by the wildlife authorities. An age-structured model consisting of four categories of the moose population (calves, yearlings and adult females and males) is formulated, and both maximum yield (MY) and maximum economic yield (MEY) harvesting are studied. We find that the direct effect of higher predation pressure on an age-sex category works in the direction of higher harvesting pressure of that group. However, this direct effect is accompanied by indirect effects working through the stock abundance of all age-sex groups, and the net effect is ambiguous. In the numerical analysis, it is shown that harvest of the adult categories typically will be the optimal strategy, irrespective of the fact that calves are the main target of the wolves.

大型食肉动物对野生动植物和牲畜的捕食发生在许多生态和机构环境中。在本文中，在挪威的制度环境中研究了狼群对狼的捕食，在该制度下，土地所有者获得了驼鹿的收获价值，并且野生动物当局严格控制了狼的种群。建立了年龄结构模型，该模型由四类驼鹿种群组成（小牛，一岁和成年雌雄），并研究了最大收获量（MY）和最大经济收获量（MEY）。我们发现，较高的掠食压力对同龄性别类别的直接影响是朝该群体较高的收获压力方向发展的。但是，这种直接影响伴随着间接影响，这种影响通过所有年龄性别群体的库存丰富而产生，最终结果是模棱两可的。在数值分析中，表明成年类别的收获通常是最佳策略，而与犊牛是狼的主要目标无关。