Pt deposition/anchoring technique and nature of the support influence the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity in low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Surface distribution, morphology (particle shape and size) of the deposited Pt nanoparticles (NPs) and physicochemical properties contribute to the electrocatalytic activity and durability of the catalyst. Investigations over the past two decades lead to various metal and metal oxide-based supports, along with advanced nanocarbon materials as suitable candidates since they play a vital role in defining surface morphology, particle-size distribution, crystallinity and electronic structure of the deposited Pt catalyst. Moreover, such supports improve the ORR activity and stability of the electrocatalyst due to their stronger interaction with the deposited Pt NPs. Briefly, a well-controlled and selective deposition of Pt NPs and designing of an excellent corrosion-resistant support for a promising ORR catalyst has gained more attention. Many advanced strategies are developed for the fabrication of atomically precise nanostructured Pt catalysts. This review summarises recent developments in the electrochemical, photochemical and physical deposition techniques for Pt NPs on various supports and their effects on the physicochemical properties and electrocatalytic activity towards the ORR.

Pt的沉积/固定技术和载体的性质会影响低温质子交换膜燃料电池中的氧还原反应（ORR）活性。沉积的Pt纳米颗粒（NPs）的表面分布，形态（颗粒形状和尺寸）以及物理化学性质有助于催化剂的电催化活性和耐久性。过去二十年来的研究导致各种金属和金属氧化物基载体以及先进的纳米碳材料作为合适的候选材料，因为它们在确定沉积的Pt催化剂的表面形态，粒度分布，结晶度和电子结构方面起着至关重要的作用。此外，由于这些载体与沉积的Pt NP的更强相互作用，因此它们改善了ORR活性和电催化剂的稳定性。简而言之，Pt NPs的良好控制和选择性沉积以及为有前景的ORR催化剂设计出色的耐腐蚀载体受到了越来越多的关注。开发了许多先进的策略来制造原子精确的纳米结构Pt催化剂。这篇综述总结了各种载体上Pt NPs的电化学，光化学和物理沉积技术的最新发展及其对物理化学性质和对ORR的电催化活性的影响。