Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-17 , DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103498 Nurul Nadiah Zulkarnain 1 , Nurina Anuar 1 , Nor Azfa Johari 2 , Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah 1 , Ahmad Razi Othman 1
Inefficient ketoprofen removal from pharmaceutical wastewater may negatively impact the ecosystem and cause detrimental risks to human health. This study was conducted to determine the cytotoxicity effects of ketoprofen on HEK 293 cell growth and metabolism, including cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) expression, at environmentally relevant concentrations. The cytotoxic effects were evaluated through the trypan blue test, DNS assay, MTT assay, and the expression ratio of the COX-1 gene. The results of this study show insignificant (p > 0.05) cytotoxic effects of ketoprofen on cell viability and cell metabolism. However, high glucose consumption rates among the treated cells cause an imitation of the Warburg effect, which is likely linked to the development of cancer cells. Apart from that, the upregulation of COX-1 expression among the treated cells indicates remote possibility of inflammation. Although no significant cytotoxic effects of ketoprofen were detected throughout this study, the effects of prolonged exposure of residual ketoprofen need to be evaluated in the future.
中文翻译:
制药废水中发现的酮洛芬对HEK 293细胞生长和代谢的细胞毒性评估。
从制药废水中去除酮洛芬的效率低下可能会对生态系统造成负面影响,并对人体健康造成不利影响。进行这项研究以确定在环境相关浓度下,酮洛芬对HEK 293细胞生长和代谢(包括环氧合酶1(COX-1)表达)的细胞毒性作用。通过台盼蓝试验,DNS测定,MTT测定和COX-1基因的表达率评估细胞毒性作用。这项研究的结果显示微不足道(p > 0.05)酮洛芬对细胞活力和细胞代谢的细胞毒性作用。然而,在处理过的细胞中高的葡萄糖消耗率导致仿效Warburg效应,这很可能与癌细胞的发展有关。除此之外,在处理过的细胞中COX-1表达的上调表明炎症的可能性很小。尽管在整个研究过程中未发现酮洛芬有明显的细胞毒性作用,但将来仍需要评估残留酮洛芬长时间暴露的影响。