Background

The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) are developing joint estimates of the work-related burden of disease and injury (WHO/ILO Joint Estimates), with contributions from a large network of experts. Welding fumes have been classified as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC); this assessment found sufficient evidence from studies in humans that welding fumes are a cause of lung cancer. In this article, we present the protocol for a systematic review of parameters for estimating the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years from trachea, bronchus and lung cancer attributable to occupational exposure to welding fumes, to inform the development of the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates.

Objectives

We aim to systematically review and meta-analyse estimates of the effect of occupational exposure to welding fumes on trachea, bronchus and lung cancer, applying the Navigation Guide systematic review methodology as an organizing framework.

Data sources

We will search electronic bibliographic databases for potentially relevant records from published and unpublished studies, including Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CISDOC. We will also search electronic grey literature databases, Internet search engines and organizational websites; hand search reference list of previous systematic reviews and included study records; and consult additional experts.

Study eligibility and criteria

We will include working-age (≥15 years) workers in the formal and informal economy in any Member State of WHO and/or ILO but exclude children (<15 years) and unpaid domestic workers. The eligible risk factor will be occupational exposure to welding fumes, measured directly or indirectly (i.e., through proxy of relevant occupation, work task, job-exposure matrix, expert judgment or self-report). The eligible outcomes will be trachea, bronchus and lung cancer. We will include randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies and other non-randomized intervention studies with an estimate of the relative effect of any occupational exposure to welding fumes on the prevalence of, incidence of or mortality from trachea, bronchus and lung cancer, compared with the theoretical minimum risk exposure level of no occupational exposure to welding fumes.

Study appraisal and synthesis methods

At least two review authors will independently screen titles and abstracts against the eligibility criteria at a first stage and full texts of potentially eligible records at a second stage, followed by extraction of data from qualifying studies. Two or more review authors will assess risk of bias and the quality of evidence, using the Navigation Guide tool or approach. If feasible, we will combine relative risks using meta-analysis. We will report results using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines (PRISMA).

中文翻译：

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职业接触焊接烟雾对气管、支气管和肺癌的影响：世界卫生组织/国际劳工组织对与工作有关的疾病和伤害负担的联合估计的系统审查和荟萃分析方案。

背景

世界卫生组织 (WHO) 和国际劳工组织 (ILO) 正在开发与工作相关的疾病和伤害负担的联合估算（WHO/ILO 联合估算），并得到了一个庞大的专家网络的贡献。焊接烟雾已被国际癌症研究机构 (IARC) 列为人类致癌物（第 1 组）；这项评估从人体研究中发现了足够的证据表明焊接烟雾是肺癌的一个原因。在本文中，我们提出了系统评价参数的方案，以估计因职业接触焊接烟雾而导致的气管、支气管和肺癌死亡人数和伤残调整生命年数，为 WHO/ILO 的发展提供信息联合估计。

目标

我们的目标是系统地回顾和荟萃分析职业暴露于焊接烟雾对气管、支气管和肺癌的影响的估计，应用导航指南系统回顾方法作为组织框架。

数据源

我们将在电子书目数据库中搜索已发表和未发表研究的潜在相关记录，包括 Medline、EMBASE、Web of Science 和 CISDOC。我们还将搜索电子灰色文献数据库、互联网搜索引擎和组织网站；手动搜索以前系统评价的参考列表和包含的研究记录；并咨询其他专家。

研究资格和标准

我们将包括世卫组织和/或国际劳工组织任何成员国的正规和非正规经济中的工作年龄（≥15 岁）工人，但不包括儿童（<15 岁）和无薪家庭工人。合格的风险因素将是直接或间接测量的焊接烟雾的职业暴露（即，通过相关职业、工作任务、工作暴露矩阵、专家判断或自我报告的代理）。符合条件的结果将是气管、支气管和肺癌。我们将包括随机对照试验、队列研究、病例对照研究和其他非随机干预研究，以估计任何职业接触焊接烟雾对气管、支气管和肺的患病率、发病率或死亡率的相对影响癌症，

研究评价与综合方法

至少有两名综述作者将在第一阶段根据资格标准独立筛选标题和摘要，在第二阶段独立筛选可能符合条件的记录的全文，然后从符合条件的研究中提取数据。两名或多名综述作者将使用导航指南工具或方法评估偏倚风险和证据质量。如果可行，我们将使用荟萃分析结合相对风险。我们将使用系统评价和荟萃分析指南 (PRISMA) 的首选报告项目报告结果。