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Arachidonic acid modulated lipid metabolism and improved productive performance of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) juvenile under sub- to optimal temperatures
Aquaculture ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735939
Bruno Cavalheiro Araújo , Marlene Rodriguez , Renato Massaaki Honji , Artur Nishioka Rombenso , Oscar Basílio del Rio-Zaragoza , Abraham Cano , Aurora Tinajero , José Antonio Mata-Sotres , Maria Teresa Viana

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) levels on lipid metabolism, productive performance and biological indexes of striped bass exposed to different temperatures. Within this purpose, four isoproteic (44% of crude protein) and isolipidic (11% of lipid) experimental diets were formulated based on defatted meals and different lipid sources. Fish oil was used as primary lipid source in the control diet (FO), whereas a mixture of coconut, peanut, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosaexaenoic acid (DHA) oils, and different amount of ARA was added to three experimental diets (ARA1–0.3%, ARA2–0.7%, and ARA3–1.2%). Additionally to the ARA, differences in the levels of specific fatty acids as 16:0, 16:1, 18:1n-9 and EPA were observed between FO and ARA diets. Morone saxatilis (striped bass) juveniles (5.31 ± 0.18 g), were distributed (30 fish) into each tank (12; with 500 L water volume) in triplicate groups. All fish were exposed to the same temperature, which was raised every fourteen days to a higher temperature (14, 18, 22, and 26 °C). All dietary treatment remained 14 days at each temperature and an additional seven acclimation days to the new temperature. After seventy-seven days of the feeding trial, a decrease in growth and mainly survival rate were observed in fish fed the FO diet, compared to the rest of the treatments. Our results suggested that different diets composition, mostly higher dietary ARA influenced greater feed intake, weight gain, and especially survival. ARA was efficiently retained in liver and fillet at higher temperatures, while at lower temperatures, it was probably synthesized in other compounds, such as prostaglandins. Additionally, the temperature rise influenced a higher lipid deposition in hepatocytes of animals from all experimental groups. Dietary ARA and temperature modulated the expression of genes related to the prostaglandin synthesis and fatty acid synthesis and catabolism. It is concluded that ARA, such as DHA, is an essential fatty acid needed at higher levels (0.7 to 1.2% in diet), especially when fish is exposed to low sub-optimal temperatures. While when fish oil was used in the control diet (containing 0.33% ARA), fish not only decrease in body mass but compromise its physiological status, resulting in mass mortalities when the temperature reached the optimum range for this species.

中文翻译:

花生四烯酸调节脂质代谢并提高条纹鲈(Morone saxatilis)幼鱼在低于最佳温度下的生产性能

摘要 本研究旨在研究不同日粮花生四烯酸(ARA)水平对不同温度下斑鲈脂质代谢、生产性能和生物学指标的影响。为此,根据脱脂膳食和不同的脂质来源配制了四种异蛋白(粗蛋白的 44%)和异脂(脂质的 11%)实验饮食。鱼油用作对照饮食 (FO) 中的主要脂质来源,而将椰子油、花生油、二十碳五烯酸 (EPA) 和二十二碳二烯酸 (DHA) 油的混合物以及不同量的 ARA 添加到三种实验饮食 (ARA1) 中–0.3%、ARA2–0.7% 和 ARA3–1.2%)。除了 ARA,在 FO 和 ARA 饮食之间观察到特定脂肪酸水平的差异,如 16:0、16:1、18:1n-9 和 EPA。Morone saxatilis (条纹鲈鱼) 幼鱼 (5.31 ± 0.18 g),分三组分配(30 条鱼)到每个水箱(12;500 L 水量)中。所有的鱼都暴露在相同的温度下,每十四天升高到更高的温度(14、18、22 和 26 °C)。所有饮食处理在每个温度下保持 14 天,并额外适应新温度 7 天。在饲喂试验 77 天后,与其余处理相比,在饲喂 FO 饮食的鱼中观察到生长下降,主要是存活率下降。我们的结果表明,不同的日粮组成,主要是较高的日粮 ARA 影响更大的采食量、体重增加,尤其是存活率。ARA 在较高温度下有效地保留在肝脏和鱼片中,而在较低温度下,它可能是在其他化合物中合成的,例如前列腺素。此外,温度升高影响了所有实验组动物肝细胞中更高的脂质沉积。膳食 ARA 和温度调节与前列腺素合成和脂肪酸合成和分解代谢相关的基因的表达。得出的结论是,ARA,如 DHA,是一种必需脂肪酸,需要较高水平(饮食中的 0.7% 至 1.2%),尤其是当鱼暴露在次优的低温度下时。而当鱼油用于对照饮食(含 0.33% ARA)时,鱼不仅体重下降,而且其生理状态也会受到影响,当温度达到该物种的最佳温度范围时,会导致大量死亡。温度升高影响了所有实验组动物肝细胞中更高的脂质沉积。膳食 ARA 和温度调节与前列腺素合成和脂肪酸合成和分解代谢相关的基因的表达。得出的结论是,ARA,如 DHA,是一种必需脂肪酸,需要较高水平(饮食中的 0.7% 至 1.2%),尤其是当鱼暴露在次优的低温度下时。而当鱼油用于对照饮食(含 0.33% ARA)时,鱼不仅体重下降,而且其生理状态也会受到影响,当温度达到该物种的最佳温度范围时,会导致大量死亡。温度升高影响了所有实验组动物肝细胞中较高的脂质沉积。膳食 ARA 和温度调节与前列腺素合成和脂肪酸合成和分解代谢相关的基因的表达。得出的结论是,ARA,例如 DHA,是一种必需脂肪酸,需要较高水平(饮食中的 0.7% 至 1.2%),尤其是当鱼暴露在次优的低温度下时。而当鱼油用于对照饮食(含 0.33% ARA)时,鱼不仅体重下降,而且其生理状态也会受到影响,当温度达到该物种的最佳温度范围时,会导致大量死亡。膳食 ARA 和温度调节与前列腺素合成和脂肪酸合成和分解代谢相关的基因的表达。得出的结论是,ARA,如 DHA,是一种必需脂肪酸,需要较高水平(饮食中的 0.7% 至 1.2%),尤其是当鱼暴露在次优的低温度下时。而当鱼油用于对照饮食(含 0.33% ARA)时,鱼不仅体重下降,而且其生理状态也会受到影响,当温度达到该物种的最佳温度范围时,会导致大量死亡。膳食 ARA 和温度调节与前列腺素合成和脂肪酸合成和分解代谢相关的基因的表达。得出的结论是,ARA,如 DHA,是一种必需脂肪酸,需要较高水平(饮食中的 0.7% 至 1.2%),尤其是当鱼暴露在次优的低温度下时。而当鱼油用于对照饮食(含 0.33% ARA)时,鱼不仅体重下降,而且其生理状态也会受到影响,当温度达到该物种的最佳温度范围时,会导致大量死亡。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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