Assessing long-term dynamics of ecosystem service is critical for sustainable restoration and management of estuarine wetlands. We analyzed ecosystem services dynamics from 1980 to 2015 and their natural and anthropogenic drivers in the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve, which consists of the old and current Yellow River estuaries. Our results showed that biodiversity conservation, carbon storage, and water purification services in the old Yellow River estuary were improved gradually, but water yield decreased during the study period. Ecosystem services in the current Yellow River estuary changed sharply during 1980–1990, but fluctuated since 1990. The warming climate in the past 35 years negatively affected water yield and enhanced carbon storage in the old Yellow River estuary. Marshland was critical for improving ecosystem services in the old Yellow River estuary, and medium cover grassland provided suitable habitats for water birds in the current Yellow River estuary. Furthermore, the release of freshwater from the Yellow River into estuarine wetlands enhanced the provision of ecosystem services. In comparison with biodiversity conservation, water purification, and carbon storage services, water supply service responded differently to ecological restoration. Better tradeoffs should be identified to ensure effective provision of desired ecosystem services during ecological restoration.

评估生态系统服务的长期动态对于河口湿地的可持续恢复和管理至关重要。我们分析了1980年至2015年的生态系统服务动态及其在黄河三角洲国家自然保护区的自然和人为驱动因素，黄河三角洲国家自然保护区由旧的和当前的黄河河口组成。我们的结果表明，在研究期间，黄河老河口的生物多样性保护，碳储存和净水服务逐渐得到改善，但水产量却有所下降。当前黄河河口的生态系统服务在1980-1990年期间发生了急剧变化，但自1990年以来一直在波动。过去35年的气候变暖对黄河口的水产量产生了负面影响，并增加了碳储量。沼泽地对于改善旧黄河口的生态系统服务至关重要，中度覆盖的草地为当前黄河口的水禽提供了合适的栖息地。此外，从黄河向河口湿地释放淡水增加了生态系统服务的提供。与生物多样性保护，水净化和碳储存服务相比，供水服务对生态恢复的反应不同。应该确定更好的权衡，以确保在生态恢复过程中有效提供所需的生态系统服务。从黄河向河口湿地释放淡水加强了生态系统服务的提供。与生物多样性保护，水净化和碳储存服务相比，供水服务对生态恢复的反应不同。应该确定更好的权衡，以确保在生态恢复过程中有效提供所需的生态系统服务。从黄河向河口湿地释放淡水加强了生态系统服务的提供。与生物多样性保护，水净化和碳储存服务相比，供水服务对生态恢复的反应不同。应该确定更好的权衡，以确保在生态恢复过程中有效提供所需的生态系统服务。