Open Biology ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 , DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200176 Hiroshi Kondoh 1 , Takayuki Teruya 2 , Mitsuhiro Yanagida 2
Since ancient days, human fasting has been performed for religious or political reasons. More recently, fasting has been employed as an effective therapy for weight reduction by obese people, and numerous studies have investigated the physiology of fasting by obese subjects. Well-established fasting markers (butyrates, BCAAs and carnitines) were considered essential energy substitutes after glycogen storage depletion. However, a recently developed metabolomic approach has unravelled previously unappreciated aspects of fasting. Surprisingly, one-third (44) of 120 metabolites investigated increase during 58 h of fasting, including antioxidative metabolites (carnosine, ophthalmic acid, ergothioneine and urates) and metabolites of entire pathways, such as the pentose phosphate pathway. Signalling metabolites (3-hydroxybutyrate and 2-oxoglutarate) and purines/pyrimidines may also serve as transcriptional modulators. Thus, prolonged fasting activates both global catabolism and anabolism, reprogramming metabolic homeostasis.
中文翻译:
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人类禁食的代谢组学:关于旧问题的新见解。
自古以来,人类禁食一直是出于宗教或政治原因。最近,禁食已被用作肥胖者减轻体重的有效疗法,并且许多研究已经调查了肥胖者禁食的生理学。完善的禁食标志物(丁酸盐、支链氨基酸和肉碱)被认为是糖原储存耗尽后必不可少的能量替代品。然而,最近开发的一种代谢组学方法揭示了禁食之前未被重视的方面。令人惊讶的是,120 种代谢物中的三分之一 (44) 在 58 小时禁食期间增加,包括抗氧化代谢物(肌肽、眼酸、麦角硫因和尿酸盐)和整个途径的代谢物,如磷酸戊糖途径。信号代谢物(3-羟基丁酸和2-酮戊二酸)和嘌呤/嘧啶也可作为转录调节剂。因此,长时间禁食会激活整体分解代谢和合成代谢,重新编程代谢稳态。