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Immune activation by a multigene family of lectins with variable tandem repeats in oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense).
Open Biology ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 , DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200141
Ying Huang 1, 2 , Xin Huang 1 , Xuming Zhou 3 , Jialin Wang 4 , Ruidong Zhang 1 , Futong Ma 1 , Kaiqiang Wang 1 , Zhuoxing Zhang 1 , Xiaoling Dai 1 , Xueying Cao 1 , Chao Zhang 1 , Keke Han 1 , Qian Ren 1, 5
Affiliation  

Genomic regions with repeated sequences are unstable and prone to rapid DNA diversification. However, the role of tandem repeats within the coding region is not fully characterized. Here, we have identified a new hypervariable C-type lectin gene family with different numbers of tandem repeats (Rlecs; R means repeat) in oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense). Two types of repeat units (33 or 30 bp) are identified in the second exon, and the number of repeat units vary from 1 to 9. Rlecs can be classified into 15 types through phylogenetic analysis. The amino acid sequences in the same type of Rlec are highly conservative outside the repeat regions. The main differences among the Rlec types are evident in exon 5. A variable number of tandem repeats in Rlecs may be produced by slip mispairing during gene replication. Alternative splicing contributes to the multiplicity of forms in this lectin gene family, and different types of Rlecs vary in terms of tissue distribution, expression quantity and response to bacterial challenge. These variations suggest that Rlecs have functional diversity. The results of experiments on sugar binding, microbial inhibition and clearance, regulation of antimicrobial peptide gene expression and prophenoloxidase activation indicate that the function of Rlecs with the motif of YRSKDD in innate immunity is enhanced when the number of tandem repeats increases. Our results suggest that Rlecs undergo gene expansion through gene duplication and alternative splicing, which ultimately leads to functional diversity.



中文翻译:

东方河虾 (Macrobrachium nipponense) 中具有可变串联重复序列的凝集素多基因家族的免疫激活。

具有重复序列的基因组区域不稳定,容易发生 DNA 快速多样化。然而,编码区内串联重复的作用尚未完全表征。这里,我们已经发现了一种新的高变C-型凝集素基因家族具有不同数目的串联重复(Rlecs; R手段重复)在东方河虾(日本沼虾在第二个外显子中鉴定出两种类型的重复单元(33或30 bp),重复单元的数量从1到9不等。通过系统发育分析,Rlecs可分为15种类型。同类型Rlec中的氨基酸序列在重复区外高度保守。Rlec 类型之间的主要差异在外显子 5 中很明显。Rlec 中可变数量的串联重复可能由基因复制过程中的滑动错配产生。选择性剪接促成了该凝集素基因家族中形式的多样性,不同类型的 Rlec 在组织分布、表达量和对细菌攻击的反应方面各不相同。这些变化表明 Rlec 具有功能多样性。糖结合、微生物抑制和清除的实验结果,抗菌肽基因表达和酚氧化酶原激活的调控表明,随着串联重复次数的增加,具有 YRSKDD 基序的 Rlecs 在先天免疫中的功能增强。我们的结果表明,Rlecs 通过基因复制和选择性剪接进行基因扩增,最终导致功能多样性。

更新日期:2020-09-16
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