Plant viruses maintain intricate interactions with their vector and non-vector insects and can impact the fitness of insects. However, the details of their molecular and cellular mechanisms have not been studied well. We compared the transcriptome-level responses in vector and non-vector aphids (Schizaphis graminum and Rhopalosiphum padi, respectively) after feeding on wheat plants with viral infections (Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV) and Wheat dwarf virus (WDV), respectively). We conducted differentially expressed gene (DEG) annotation analyses and observed DEGs related to immune pathway, growth, development, and reproduction. And we conducted cloning and bioinformatic analyses of the key DEG involved in immune. For all differentially expressed gene analyses, the numbers of DEGs related to immune, growth, development, reproduction and cuticle were higher in vector aphids than in non-vector aphids. STAT5B (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B), which is involved in the JAK-STAT pathway, was upregulated in R. padi exposed to WDV. The cloning and bioinformatic results indicated that the RpSTAT5B sequence contains a 2082 bp ORF encoding 693 amino acids. The protein molecular weight is 79.1 kD and pI is 8.13. Analysis indicated that RpSTAT5B is a non-transmembrane protein and a non-secreted protein. Homology and evolutionary analysis indicated that RpSTAT5B was closely related to R. maidis. Unigene expression analysis showed that the total number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the vector aphids was higher than that in the non-vector aphids. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs related to immunity, growth and reproduction in vector aphids were higher than those in non-vector aphids, and the differentially expressed genes related to immune were up-regulated. This study provides a basis for the evaluation of the response mechanisms of vector/non-vector insects to plant viruses.

中文翻译：

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以病毒感染的小麦植物为食后，载体和非载体蚜虫的转录组反应比较。

植物病毒与其媒介和非媒介昆虫保持复杂的相互作用，并可能影响昆虫的适应性。但是，尚未对其分子和细胞机制的细节进行深入研究。我们比较了以病毒感染的小麦植物（分别为大麦黄矮病毒（BYDV）和小麦矮病毒（WDV））为食的载体和非载体蚜虫（分别为Schizaphis graminum和Rhopalosiphum padi）的转录组水平反应。我们进行了差异表达基因（DEG）注释分析，并观察了与免疫途径，生长，发育和繁殖相关的DEG。我们对涉及免疫的关键DEG进行了克隆和生物信息学分析。对于所有差异表达的基因分析，DEG的数量与免疫，生长，发育，媒介蚜虫的繁殖和表皮高于非媒介蚜虫。参与JAK-STAT途径的STAT5B（信号转导和转录激活因子5B）在暴露于WDV的罗氏沼虾中上调。克隆和生物信息学结果表明，RpSTAT5B序列包含2082 bp的ORF，编码693个氨基酸。蛋白质分子量为79.1 kD，pI为8.13。分析表明RpSTAT5B是非跨膜蛋白和非分泌蛋白。同源性和进化分析表明，RpSTAT5B与麦芽孢杆菌密切相关。单基因表达分析表明，载体蚜虫中差异表达基因（DEG）的总数高于非载体蚜虫中差异表达基因的总数。功能富集分析表明，DEG与免疫力有关，载体蚜虫的生长和繁殖高于非载体蚜虫，并且与免疫相关的差异表达基因被上调。该研究为评价媒介/非媒介昆虫对植物病毒的反应机制提供了依据。